Table 3. Descriptive characteristics comparing children with and without coverage for MMR at the time of the survey (% unless otherwise noted).
El Salvador | Guatemala | Honduras | Mexico | Nicaragua | Panama | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | |||
Sample size (N)† | 1266 | 974 | 2483 | 1381 | 1564 | 790 | 2043 | 2850 | 904 | 789 | 1118 | 544 | ||||||||
Child characteristics | Female | 48.7 | 52 | 0.131 | 49.5 | 51.8 | 0.161 | 50.3 | 51.3 | 0.643 | 49.7 | 50.7 | 0.478 | 48.9 | 49.4 | 0.826 | 51.9 | 51.2 | 0.794 | |
Age in years | 0 years | |||||||||||||||||||
1 year | 21.1 | 15.3 | <0.001 *** | 25.1 | 22.2 | 0.164 | 23.7 | 21.4 | 0.021 * | 23.3 | 23 | 0.468 | 26.3 | 21.3 | 0.022 * | 25 | 23.9 | 0.670 | ||
2 years | 22.9 | 39.2 | 27.6 | 29.2 | 27.8 | 26.1 | 23.3 | 25.2 | 26.1 | 25.2 | 23.9 | 26.7 | ||||||||
3 years | 21.6 | 33.8 | 26 | 25.6 | 26.3 | 24.6 | 27.9 | 26.5 | 24.7 | 25.1 | 27.2 | 25.9 | ||||||||
4 years | 34.4 | 11.7 | 21.3 | 23 | 22.2 | 28 | 25.4 | 25.3 | 22.9 | 28.4 | 24 | 23.5 | ||||||||
Maternal characteristics | Attained education | No education | 10.9 | 12.6 | 0.334 | 37.2 | 34.2 | 0.143 | 9.2 | 7 | 0.001 ** | 17.4 | 18.6 | 0.085 | 12.1 | 10.7 | 0.009 ** | 13.8 | 21.3 | 0.001 ** |
Primary education | 57.4 | 54.7 | 49.9 | 51.4 | 73.1 | 68.2 | 52.3 | 54 | 54 | 47.8 | 56.6 | 54.9 | ||||||||
Secondary education or higher | 31.8 | 32.7 | 12.9 | 14.4 | 17.7 | 24.8 | 30.4 | 27.4 | 33.9 | 41.5 | 29.6 | 23.8 | ||||||||
Literacy | Illiterate | 23.2 | 25.5 | 0.197 | 65 | 62.6 | 0.154 | 37.3 | 37.7 | 0.849 | 43.3 | 47.8 | 0.002 ** | 28.8 | 26.6 | 0.322 | 36.5 | 46.2 | 0.001 ** | |
Literate | 76.8 | 74.5 | 35 | 37.4 | 62.7 | 62.3 | 56.7 | 52.2 | 71.2 | 73.4 | 63.5 | 53.8 | ||||||||
Age in years | Age 15–19 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 0.745 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 0.962 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 0.050 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 0.176 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 0.985 | 8.4 | 9.2 | 0.907 | |
Age 20–34 | 70.1 | 68.7 | 70.4 | 70.5 | 72.5 | 67.6 | 73.6 | 71.7 | 71 | 71.2 | 66.1 | 65.6 | ||||||||
Age 35–49 | 22.8 | 23.6 | 22 | 22.2 | 20.6 | 25.3 | 19.7 | 21.9 | 19.7 | 19.4 | 25.4 | 25.2 | ||||||||
Parity | 1 child | 27.9 | 26.9 | 0.756 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 0.454 | 24.2 | 23.4 | 0.185 | 15.1 | 14.5 | 0.141 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 0.732 | 10.9 | 13 | 0.439 | |
2–3 children | 42.2 | 41.3 | 38.7 | 41.2 | 41.2 | 45 | 44.9 | 42.2 | 45.1 | 43.6 | 42.5 | 38.6 | ||||||||
4–5 children | 15.3 | 16.9 | 22.9 | 21.1 | 19 | 19.3 | 21 | 23.3 | 15.2 | 17.3 | 26 | 26 | ||||||||
6 + children | 14.6 | 14.9 | 19.8 | 19.5 | 15.6 | 12.3 | 18.9 | 20 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 20.6 | 22.4 | ||||||||
Marital status | Single | 13.9 | 11.8 | 6.1 | 8.5 | 13.8 | 17.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 16 | 17.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | |||||||
Married | 35.6 | 39.1 | 38.7 | 37.4 | 33.9 | 32.6 | 35.9 | 34.4 | 33.1 | 33.9 | 8.6 | 6 | ||||||||
Union | 39.6 | 38.9 | 0.271 | 50.7 | 49.4 | 0.064 | 48.8 | 46.5 | 0.194 | 57.2 | 58 | 0.579 | 46.4 | 43.9 | 0.757 | 75.7 | 77.5 | 0.401 | ||
Divorced, separated, widowed, other | 10.8 | 10.1 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 8 | 8.3 | ||||||||
Employment status | Employed and working | 9.7 | 10.3 | 0.267 | 3.2 | 4 | 0.023 * | 7.7 | 13.5 | <0.001 *** | 5.1 | 6.2 | 0.192 | 13.1 | 18.8 | 0.006 ** | 6.4 | 4.3 | 0.203 | |
Homemaker | 88.4 | 86.8 | 94.6 | 92.5 | 89.6 | 83.9 | 93.7 | 92.4 | 84.9 | 78.6 | 91.1 | 93.9 | ||||||||
Employed but not working, student, retired, disabled | 1.9 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.8 | ||||||||
Household characteristics | Expenditure quintile | Quintile 1 | 19.6 | 20.8 | 0.931 | 19.1 | 23 | 0.043 * | 22.3 | 18.6 | <0.001 *** | 23.6 | 21.7 | 0.403 | 22 | 20.6 | 0.006 ** | 19.6 | 19.9 | 0.008 ** |
Quintile 2 | 22.2 | 21.4 | 19.8 | 17.6 | 20.2 | 19.1 | 21.6 | 22.4 | 22.9 | 17.7 | 18.3 | 23.7 | ||||||||
Quintile 3 | 19 | 19.4 | 20.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 17.2 | 20.3 | 20 | 19.3 | 21.1 | 19 | 17.3 | ||||||||
Quintile 4 | 19.4 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 18.6 | 19.7 | 21 | 18.9 | 18.8 | 20.2 | 19.2 | 21.6 | 15.4 | ||||||||
Quintile 5 | 19.7 | 18.9 | 21.4 | 20.2 | 17.1 | 24 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 15.6 | 21.4 | 21.5 | 23.7 | ||||||||
Average asset index | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.438 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.256 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.015 * | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.050 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.679 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.002 ** | ||
Average household size (N) | 3.04 | 3.1 | 0.173 | 6.61 | 6.55 | 0.794 | 5.74 | 5.75 | 0.012 * | 5.97 | 6.01 | 0.795 | 5.64 | 5.93 | 0.115 | 9.16 | 9.39 | 0.050 | ||
Urbanicity | Rural household | 73.8 | 72.4 | 0.460 | 87.8 | 84.3 | 0.002 ** | 85.1 | 80.2 | 0.002 ** | 65 | 66.4 | 0.314 | 71.2 | 64.6 | 0.004 ** | 100 | 100 | n/a | |
Urban household | 26.2 | 27.6 | 12.2 | 15.7 | 14.9 | 19.8 | 35 | 33.6 | 28.8 | 35.4 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Female head of household | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.641 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.339 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.022 * | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.444 | 0.24 | 0.31 | <0.001 *** | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.015 ** |
† N varies by variable due to missing values.
* p<0.05
** p<0.01
*** p<0.001