Table 4. Child, maternal, and household characteristics associated with a child being covered for MMR † .
| El Salvador | Guatemala | Honduras | Mexico | Nicaragua | Panama | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1950 | N = 3445 | N = 2003 | N = 4510 | N = 1510 | N = 1346 | ||||||||||
| OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | ||||
| Child characteristics | Female | 0.949 | [0.767,1.174] | 0.937 | [0.802,1.095] | 0.938 | [0.754,1.167] | 0.977 | [0.864,1.106] | 0.863 | [0.713,1.046] | 1.045 | [0.830,1.314] | ||
| Age in years | 0 years | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
| 1 year | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | |||
| 2 years | 0.446 *** | [0.340,0.585] | 0.835 | [0.695,1.004] | 1.078 | [0.826,1.408] | 0.928 | [0.754,1.143] | 0.866 | [0.621,1.206] | 0.944 | [0.633,1.408] | |||
| 3 years | 0.471 *** | [0.348,0.637] | 0.898 | [0.736,1.095] | 1.181 | [0.849,1.642] | 1.065 | [0.872,1.302] | 0.787 | [0.589,1.052] | 1.112 | [0.804,1.539] | |||
| 4 years | 2.095 *** | [1.498,2.929] | 0.858 | [0.665,1.106] | 0.876 | [0.630,1.219] | 1.033 | [0.844,1.264] | 0.594 ** | [0.424,0.831] | 1.075 | [0.745,1.549] | |||
| Maternal characteristics | Attained education | No education | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | |
| Primary education | 1.037 | [0.699,1.539] | 0.834 | [0.666,1.044] | 0.753 | [0.467,1.213] | 0.898 | [0.709,1.137] | 0.943 | [0.594,1.497] | 1.424 | [0.808,2.511] | |||
| Secondary education or higher | 0.857 | [0.513,1.431] | 0.836 | [0.568,1.230] | 0.590 | [0.326,1.068] | 0.853 | [0.631,1.152] | 0.702 | [0.381,1.296] | 1.605 | [0.795,3.240] | |||
| Literate | 1.208 | [0.850,1.719] | 1.021 | [0.822,1.269] | 1.257 | [0.955,1.654] | 1.182 | [0.938,1.488] | 1.096 | [0.787,1.526] | 1.194 | [0.779,1.828] | |||
| Age in years | Age 15–19 | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | ||
| Age 20–34 | 1.158 | [0.746,1.797] | 0.871 | [0.613,1.239] | 1.109 | [0.713,1.725] | 0.961 | [0.685,1.348] | 1.352 | [0.847,2.159] | 0.854 | [0.530,1.376] | |||
| Age 35–49 | 1.060 | [0.640,1.754] | 0.809 | [0.535,1.223] | 0.789 | [0.471,1.320] | 0.977 | [0.654,1.458] | 1.465 | [0.839,2.559] | 1.041 | [0.578,1.873] | |||
| Parity | 1 child | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | ||
| 2–3 children | 0.917 | [0.686,1.226] | 0.853 | [0.672,1.083] | 0.798 | [0.597,1.067] | 0.937 | [0.769,1.142] | 1.099 | [0.813,1.484] | 1.265 | [0.804,1.989] | |||
| 4–5 children | 0.808 | [0.563,1.161] | 0.9 | [0.677,1.195] | 0.85 | [0.607,1.191] | 0.734 * | [0.556,0.968] | 0.818 | [0.561,1.193] | 1.138 | [0.712,1.819] | |||
| 6 + children | 0.863 | [0.516,1.444] | 0.856 | [0.602,1.217] | 1.158 | [0.741,1.810] | 0.679 * | [0.464,0.994] | 0.965 | [0.555,1.677] | 1.067 | [0.644,1.769] | |||
| Marital status | Single | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | ||
| Married | 0.728 | [0.492,1.077] | 1.433 * | [1.057,1.945] | 1.340 | [0.965,1.861] | 1.698 | [0.808,3.569] | 0.695 | [0.457,1.057] | 1.877 | [0.890,3.961] | |||
| Union | 0.866 | [0.588,1.275] | 1.402 * | [1.023,1.923] | 1.212 | [0.905,1.623] | 1.632 | [0.758,3.515] | 0.769 | [0.546,1.082] | 1.079 | [0.595,1.957] | |||
| Divorced, separated, widowed, other | 0.862 | [0.571,1.303] | 1.408 | [0.943,2.103] | 1.458 | [0.722,2.943] | 1.151 | [0.546,2.429] | 0.825 | [0.479,1.421] | 0.935 | [0.455,1.921] | |||
| Employment status | Employed and working | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | ||
| Homemaker | 0.988 | [0.675,1.447] | 1.031 | [0.654,1.625] | 1.452 * | [1.032,2.043] | 1.171 | [0.814,1.686] | 1.402 | [0.908,2.164] | 0.922 | [0.446,1.908] | |||
| Employed but not working, student, retired, disabled | 0.787 | [0.419,1.478] | 0.633 | [0.365,1.100] | 1.944 | [0.905,4.173] | 0.845 | [0.359,1.992] | 1.484 | [0.619,3.559] | 1.399 | [0.441,4.435] | |||
| Household characteristics | Expenditure quintile | Quintile 1 | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | 1.000 | (ref) | |
| Quintile 2 | 1.115 | [0.837,1.486] | 1.356 * | [1.027,1.790] | 1.016 | [0.726,1.423] | 0.797 | [0.608,1.044] | 1.364 | [0.912,2.040] | 0.839 | [0.515,1.366] | |||
| Quintile 3 | 1.093 | [0.797,1.501] | 1.110 | [0.844,1.459] | 1.081 | [0.727,1.608] | 0.839 | [0.646,1.089] | 0.958 | [0.676,1.358] | 1.168 | [0.783,1.742] | |||
| Quintile 4 | 1.236 | [0.923,1.655] | 1.281 | [0.945,1.736] | 0.856 | [0.568,1.293] | 0.811 | [0.603,1.091] | 1.312 | [0.866,1.989] | 1.305 | [0.816,2.086] | |||
| Quintile 5 | 1.259 | [0.885,1.791] | 1.201 | [0.891,1.618] | 0.702 | [0.458,1.076] | 0.842 | [0.612,1.160] | 0.907 | [0.569,1.444] | 0.868 | [0.535,1.407] | |||
| Average asset index | 0.894 | [0.466,1.713] | 0.613 | [0.299,1.255] | 0.710 | [0.243,2.076] | 0.818 | [0.246,2.719] | 1.557 | [0.493,4.922] | 3.759 | [0.732,19.30] | |||
| Average household size | 0.989 | [0.910,1.074] | 1.007 | [0.975,1.041] | 1.010 | [0.958,1.065] | 1.047 | [0.994,1.103] | 0.961 | [0.904,1.023] | 0.988 | [0.954,1.024] | |||
| Urban household | 0.808 | [0.618,1.056] | 0.747 | [0.516,1.080] | 0.828 | [0.589,1.164] | 1.028 | [0.716,1.476] | 0.914 | [0.626,1.335] | N/A | ||||
| Female head of household | 1.069 | [0.802,1.424] | 1.005 | [0.763,1.325] | 0.869 | [0.660,1.145] | 1.134 | [0.800,1.607] | 0.668 ** | [0.500,0.893] | 1.341 | [0.995,1.808] | |||
OR: odds ratio. CI: confidence interval.
Exponentiated coefficients; 95% confidence intervals in brackets
†Models adjusted for all variables in the table
* p<0.05
** p<0.01
*** p<0.001