Table 6. Descriptive characteristics comparing children with and without missed opportunities for MMR vaccine (% unless otherwise noted).
| El Salvador | Guatemala | Honduras | Mexico | Nicaragua | Panama | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | Yes | No | p-value | |||
| Sample size (N)† | 644 | 1596 | 394 | 2889 | 300 | 1738 | 2727 | 1621 | 216 | 1077 | 450 | 901 | ||||||||
| Child characteristics | Female | 51.9 | 49.4 | 0.298 | 52.8 | 50 | 0.295 | 53.7 | 49.9 | 0.233 | 51.3 | 50.1 | 0.443 | 54.6 | 47.7 | 0.064 | 51.8 | 50.4 | 0.630 | |
| Age in years | 0 years | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||
| 1 year | 19.1 | 18.4 | <0.001 *** | 9.4 | 26.6 | <0.001 *** | 6.7 | 27.3 | <0.001 *** | 20.2 | 28.5 | <0.001 *** | 13.4 | 28.3 | <0.001 *** | 23.8 | 26.7 | 0.002 ** | ||
| 2 years | 26.1 | 31.6 | 26.4 | 28.7 | 26 | 27.5 | 23.9 | 24.8 | 19 | 28.2 | 20.7 | 26.6 | ||||||||
| 3 years | 20.8 | 29.4 | 30.5 | 25.3 | 30.3 | 24.6 | 28.8 | 24.9 | 29.2 | 23.5 | 27.1 | 26.9 | ||||||||
| 4 years | 34 | 20.7 | 33.8 | 19.4 | 37 | 20.6 | 27 | 21.8 | 38.4 | 20 | 28.4 | 19.8 | ||||||||
| Maternal characteristics | Attained education | No education | 12.1 | 11.4 | 0.499 | 43.7 | 35.6 | 0.011 * | 11.2 | 8.2 | 0.189 | 18.2 | 15.9 | 0.008 ** | 20.7 | 10.4 | <0.001 *** | 15.4 | 14.1 | 0.826 |
| Primary education | 54.3 | 57 | 46.2 | 51.6 | 72.3 | 72.5 | 54.1 | 52.2 | 50.8 | 52 | 57.1 | 57.5 | ||||||||
| Secondary education or higher | 33.6 | 31.6 | 10.1 | 12.8 | 16.5 | 19.3 | 27.6 | 31.9 | 28.5 | 37.6 | 27.5 | 28.4 | ||||||||
| Literacy | Illiterate | 25.6 | 23.7 | 0.334 | 69.9 | 64.6 | 0.055 | 38.1 | 37.6 | 0.867 | 47.6 | 41 | <0.001 *** | 39.4 | 26.7 | <0.001 *** | 40 | 37 | 0.326 | |
| Literate | 74.4 | 76.3 | 30.1 | 35.4 | 61.9 | 62.4 | 52.4 | 59 | 60.6 | 73.3 | 60 | 63 | ||||||||
| Age in years | Age 15–19 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 0.083 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 0.968 | 5.6 | 7 | 0.699 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 0.037 * | 8.8 | 9.4 | 0.298 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 0.493 | |
| Age 20–34 | 66.9 | 70.5 | 70.6 | 70.1 | 73.4 | 71.9 | 72.1 | 74.2 | 66.8 | 71.2 | 68.4 | 65.3 | ||||||||
| Age 35–49 | 26.2 | 21.9 | 22.7 | 22.8 | 21 | 21.1 | 22.1 | 19.1 | 24.4 | 19.4 | 22.7 | 25.9 | ||||||||
| Parity | 1 child | 28.8 | 27 | 0.311 | 15.1 | 18.2 | 0.108 | 18.6 | 24.9 | 0.132 | 13.5 | 15.9 | 0.100 | 29.3 | 30.3 | 0.533 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 0.296 | |
| 2–3 children | 40 | 42.5 | 38.7 | 39.2 | 46.8 | 41.9 | 43.4 | 43.9 | 40.8 | 44.3 | 45.5 | 40.8 | ||||||||
| 4–5 children | 14.8 | 16.4 | 27.5 | 22.1 | 20.5 | 18.4 | 23.4 | 21.4 | 19.9 | 15.7 | 26.1 | 26.6 | ||||||||
| 6 + children | 16.4 | 14.1 | 18.8 | 20.5 | 14.1 | 14.8 | 19.7 | 18.7 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 17.6 | 21.9 | ||||||||
| Marital status | Single | 11 | 13.8 | 0.050 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 0.272 | 13.9 | 14.6 | 0.484 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.456 | 18.7 | 15.1 | 0.473 | 8.6 | 7.9 | 0.809 | |
| Married | 41.3 | 35.5 | 39.2 | 38.4 | 31.5 | 34.7 | 34.5 | 36.8 | 33.2 | 34.1 | 8.9 | 7.9 | ||||||||
| Union | 37.7 | 40 | 48.7 | 50.8 | 52.1 | 47.2 | 58.1 | 56.5 | 45.1 | 45.9 | 73.9 | 76.5 | ||||||||
| Divorced, separated, widowed, other | 10 | 10.8 | 6.4 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 8.6 | 7.7 | ||||||||
| Employment status | Employed and working | 10.8 | 9.6 | 0.235 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 0.758 | 7.1 | 9.1 | 0.387 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 0.903 | 13 | 14.3 | 0.871 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 0.773 | |
| Homemaker | 87.7 | 87.7 | 94.9 | 94.6 | 89.5 | 88.6 | 93.5 | 93.9 | 84.5 | 83.4 | 91.1 | 92.1 | ||||||||
| Employed but not working, student, retired, disabled | 1.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.2 | ||||||||
| Household characteristics | Expenditure quintile | Quintile 1 | 21 | 19.8 | 0.717 | 21 | 19.5 | 0.786 | 19.7 | 21.9 | 0.121 | 23.2 | 22.3 | 0.608 | 23.6 | 20.7 | 0.516 | 16 | 21.2 | 0.060 |
| Quintile 2 | 21.1 | 22.1 | 19 | 19.9 | 21 | 20.6 | 22.9 | 21.5 | 20.4 | 22.4 | 18.4 | 19.5 | ||||||||
| Quintile 3 | 20.7 | 18.6 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 25 | 18.8 | 20 | 20.8 | 17.1 | 20.8 | 21.3 | 17.2 | ||||||||
| Quintile 4 | 18.8 | 19.7 | 17.7 | 19.3 | 17 | 20.4 | 18.7 | 18.9 | 19.4 | 19.6 | 23.3 | 19.9 | ||||||||
| Quintile 5 | 18.5 | 19.7 | 22.6 | 20.7 | 17.3 | 18.3 | 15.2 | 16.6 | 19.4 | 16.5 | 20.9 | 22.2 | ||||||||
| Average asset index | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.973 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.781 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.127 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.050 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.154 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.022 * | ||
| Average household size (N) | 3.12 | 3.04 | 0.086 | 7.1 | 6.54 | 0.002 ** | 5.71 | 5.7 | 0.374 | 6.01 | 5.96 | 0.329 | 5.97 | 5.7 | 0.075 | 9.26 | 9.14 | 0.451 | ||
| Urbanicity | Rural household | 74.1 | 72.8 | 0.542 | 86.7 | 88.1 | 0.413 | 85.7 | 84.3 | 0.547 | 69.3 | 64.1 | <0.001 *** | 68.5 | 70.2 | 0.616 | 100 | 100 | N/A | |
| Urban household | 25.9 | 27.2 | 13.3 | 11.9 | 14.3 | 15.7 | 30.7 | 35.9 | 31.5 | 29.8 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| Female head of household | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.635 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.358 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.655 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.623 | 0.3 | 0.24 | 0.095 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.168 | ||
† N varies by variable due to missing values.
* p<0.05
** p<0.01
*** p<0.001