Table IV.
Clinical characteristics and management practices by center
| Prenatal diagnosis | Postnatal diagnosis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | UMCU (n = 22) |
UCSF/UBC (n = 30) |
P (UMCU vs UCSF/UBC) |
UMCU (n = 11) |
UCSF/UBC (n = 24) |
P (UMCU vs UCSF/UBC) |
| Birth characteristics | ||||||
| Gestational age, wk, median (IQR) | 39.0 (38.3–40.0) | 38.7 (38.0–39.3) | .28 | 39.1 (38.6–40.1) | 39.3 (38.5–40.3) | .89 |
| Birth weight, g, median (IQR) | 3320 (3030–3660) | 3245 (2971–3688) | .99 | 3400 (3240–3516) | 3278 (3043–3528) | .39 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 19 (86) | 21 (70) | .20 | 8 (73) | 14 (58) | .48 |
| Genetic syndrome, n (%) | 2 (9.5) | 2 (6.7) | .71 | 1 (9.1) | 3 (13) | >.99 |
| Diagnosis of HLHS, n (%)* | 7 (32) | 18 (60) | .06 | 1 (9.1) | 11 (46) | .06 |
| Year, median (IQR) | 2010 (2009–2011) | 2007 (2005–2010) | <.01 | 2010 (2009–2011) | 2006 (2005–2009) | <.01 |
| Perinatal course | ||||||
| Cesarean delivery, n/N (%) | 3/22 (13.6) | 9 (30) | .20 | 0 (0) | 7 (29) | .07 |
| 5-min Apgar score, median (IQR) | 9 (9–10) | 9 (8–9) | .02 | 10 (9–10) | 9 (8–9) | .03 |
| Neonatal course, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Age at presentation, d | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | >.99 | 3 (1–9) | 0 (0–4) | .06 |
| Age at MRI, d | 7 (6–9) | 3 (2–5) | <.01 | 11 (7–13) | 6 (5–10) | .03 |
| Age at surgery, d | 9 (7–13) | 6 (4–8) | <.01 | 12 (10–15) | 9 (7–12) | .07 |
| Time in ICU, %, median (IQR) | 25 (16–70) | 100 (100–100) | <.01 | 29 (18–46) | 60 (31–86) | .03 |
| Non-ICU days, n, median (IQR) | 3 (2–6) | 0 (0–0) | <.01 | 8 (3–9) | 2 (1–4) | .04 |
| Hemodynamics and management | ||||||
| LCOS, n (%)† | 4 (22) | 4 (17) | .71 | 9 (90) | 14 (67) | .22 |
| CPR, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | >.99 | 3 (27) | 2 (8.3) | .14 |
| Balloon atrioseptostomy, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.3) | >.99 | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | >.99 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 6 (27) | 13 (43) | .26 | 8 (73) | 20 (83) | .65 |
| Ventilator strategy, n (%)‡ | 0 (0) | 4 (13) | .13 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | >.99 |
| Sedatives, n (%)† | 7 (31.8) | 16 (57) | .09 | 8 (73) | 21 (88) | .35 |
| Prostaglandin, n (%) | 19 (86) | 29 (97) | .17 | 10 (91) | 23 (96) | .54 |
| Inotropes, n (%) | 4 (18) | 2 (6.9) | .38 | 9 (82) | 14 (58) | .26 |
| Diuretics, n (%)† | 13 (59) | 5 (17) | <.01 | 6 (54) | 9 (39) | .48 |
| Total parenteral nutrition, n (%)† | 2 (9.1) | 16 (64) | <.01 | 1 (9.1) | 16 (80.0) | <.01 |
| Enteral feeding, n (%)† | 22 (100) | 3 (10) | <.01 | 11 (100) | 16 (73) | .08 |
| Lowest hemoglobin, median (IQR) | 14.6 (13.0–17.6) | 13.3 (12.5–14.6) | .13 | 13.0 (11.6–15.3) | 12.1 (11.3–13.3) | .06 |
| Inflammation, n (%) | ||||||
| Infection | 5 (23) | 0 (0) | .01 | 1 (9.1) | 3 (13) | >.99 |
| Antibiotics | 7 (32) | 4 (13) | .11 | 4 (36) | 22 (92) | <.01 |
*
Specific diagnoses are listed in Table II.
†
Data were available for a limited number of patients: LCOS, n = 74; sedatives, n = 84; diuretics, n = 86; total parenteral nutrition, n = 79; enteral feeding, n = 85. Percentages shown are only of patients with sufficient data.
‡
Special ventilator strategies included ventilation with hypoxic gas and permissive hypercapnia.