. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Treat Rev. 2015 Jun 6;41(9):777–783. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.06.001

Table 1.

Overview of TAS-102 and 5-FU-based chemotherapy agents. [2]

Agent	Route of Administration	Active Metabolites and Their Functions
*5-FU-based agents*

5-FU	IV	FdUMP: Irreversible inhibitor of TS FUTP: Incorporated into RNA FdUTP: Incorporated into DNA
Capecitabine	Oral
Tegafur-uracil	Oral
S-1	Oral

*FTD-based agents*

TAS-102 (FTD + TPI)	Oral	F₃dTMP: Reversible inhibitor of TS F₃dTTP: Incorporated into DNA TPI: TP inhibition

5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; F₃dTMP: trifluoromethyl deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate; F₃dTTP: trifluoromethyl deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate; FdUMP: fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate; FdUTP: fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate; FTD: α,α,α-trifluorothymidine (trifluridine); FUTP: fluorouridine triphosphate; IV: intravenous; TP: thymidine phosphorylase; TPI: tipiracil hydrochloride; TS: thymidylate synthase.