Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Microbiol. 2015 Apr 28;17(9):1376–1390. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12442

Figure 7. HMGB1 is released from the nucleus during NADase+ infection by a PARP-1-dependent mechanism.

Figure 7

(A) Untreated HeLa cells were uninfected (Uninfect.) or infected with the strains indicated at the left of the Figure for 4 hours. HMGB1 release from the HeLa cell nucleus was then assessed by immunofluorescence (red). Cells were co-stained with DAPI to visualize the nucleus (blue) and the merged images used to assess the release of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. (B) A representative field from the indicated merge panel of part A presented at an additional 4X magnification. Images were then examined to determine the percentage of total stained cells that demonstrated nuclear (white bar) and cytoplasmic (grey bar) HMGB1 staining for (C) untreated cells, (D) cells treated with the PARP-1 inhibitor PJ34 (25 μM), (E) a scrambled sequence control siRNA, (siControl) and (F) a PARP-1 specific siRNA (siPARP). Data represent the mean and standard deviation of the mean derived from a minimum of three independent experiments were performed. *, P < 0.0002.