Table 2.

Bivariate Associations: Potential Predictors of Cognitive Resilience Among Black APOE ε4 Carriers

Characteristics	Study Participants, %a			P Value
	All (N = 329)	Resilient (n = 98)	Nonresilient (n = 231)
Age, y
69–72	45.9	40.8	48.1	.19
73–76	38.9	38.8	39.0
77–80	15.2	20.4	13.0
Female sex	62.9	71.4	59.3	.04b
Educational level
Did not graduate high school	37.8	18.4	46.1	<.001b
High school graduate and/or some college	46.0	61.2	39.6
College graduate	16.2	20.4	14.4
Literacy level ≥9th grade	54.1	74.5	45.5	<.001b
Higher financial status	45.1	52.6	41.9	.08
Hypertension	66.3	64.3	67.1	.62
Diabetes mellitus	24.3	18.4	26.8	.10
Stroke	8.3	9.4	7.9	.65
Myocardial infarction	10.7	12.2	10.0	.55
Obesity	37.7	35.7	38.5	.63
High cholesterol levelc	20.1	23.7	18.6	.29
High inflammation level	33.1	28.6	35.1	.25
Depressiond	3.4	2.0	4.0	.38
Sleep time, h/night
≤6	50.0	59.4	46.0	.02b
7	20.4	21.9	19.8
≥8	29.6	18.8	34.2
Married	38.7	42.6	37.1	.36
Living with someone	64.9	68.4	63.4	.39
Regularly visits family or friendse	84.8	91.8	81.8	.02b
No negative life events in past year	31.0	28.6	32.0	.53
Works or volunteers	53.2	63.9	48.7	.01b
Time spent reading, h/wk
<7 (Low)	42.5	36.6	45.1	.13
7–14 (Moderate)	42.8	43.0	42.7
>14 (Avid)	14.7	20.4	12.2
Physical activity, kcal/kg/wk
<45.7 (Low)	35.0	28.6	37.7	.29
45.7–88.9 (Moderate)	32.8	35.7	31.6
>88.9 (High)	32.2	35.7	30.7
Current alcohol usef	36.8	36.7	36.8	.99
Current nonsmoker	84.5	89.8	82.3	.08

Abbreviation: APOE, apolipoprotein E.

^aPercentages have been rounded and may not total 100.

^bIndicates significance at P < .05.

^cIndicates total cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL or greater (to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259).

^dIndicates Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale score of 16 or greater.

^eIndicates at least twice per week.

^fIndicates at least 1 drink per week.