Table 23.

Pharmacokinetic parameters for VGL and VRH in SD rats (mean ± standard deviation, n = 6) after a single intravenous administration of Hawthorn leaves flavonoids.

Pharmacokinetic parameter	VGL			VRH
0.61 mg/kg	1.22 mg/kg	2.45 mg/kg	1.40 mg/kg	2.80 mg/kg	5.60 mg/kg
t1/2 α (h)	0.028 ± 0.002	0.029 ± 0.006	0.031 ± 0.003	0.029 ± 0.002	0.03 ± 0.005	0.033 ± 0.004
t1/2 β (h)	0.251 ± 0.004	0.25 ± 0.037	0.265 ± 0.006	0.25 ± 0.01	0.246 ± 0.035	0.26 ± 0.006
Half-life of elimination phase (t1/2 γ) (h)	2.671 ± 0.087	2.416 ± 0.137	2.373 ± 0.068	2.325 ± 0.163	2.273 ± 0.095	2.176 ± 0.051
Apparent volumes of distribution of the central compartments (V1) (L/kg)	0.021 ± 0.004	0.024 ± 0.01	0.024 ± 0.005	0.020 ± 0.006	0.022 ± 0.008	0.022 ± 0.003
CL (L/h/kg)	0.096 ± 0.013	0.101 ± 0.014	0.097 ± 0.010	0.094 ± 0.01	0.0932 ± 0.013	0.089 ± 0.01
AUC(0−t) (mg h/L)	4.492 ± 0.54	9.337 ± 1.215	20.891 ± 2.489	10.892 ± 1.168	23.766 ± 3.447	51.71 ± 6.504
AUC(0−∞) (mg h/L)	5.60 ± 0.778	10.578 ± 1.507	21.605 ± 2.459	12.664 ± 1.387	26.324 ± 4.238	53.984 ± 6.615
MRT(0−t) (h)	1.268 ± 0.	1.478 ± 0.032	1.73 ± 0.018	1.212 ± 0.016	1.45 ± 0.05	1.668 ± 0.012
MRT(0−∞) (h)	2.543 ± 0.225 013	2.269 ± 0.096	2.18 ± 0.054	2.123 ± 0.215	2.142 ± 0.108	2.11 ± 0.071

AUC = area under the concentration-time curve; MRT = mean residence time.