Table 3.
Characteristics | 1998–2012 | 1998–2007 | 2008–2012 | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n=50 | % | n=16 | % | n=34 | % | ||
Staff Requirements | |||||||
| |||||||
Licensed health care professional oversees medical care | 30 | (60%) | 10 | (63%) | 20 | (59%) | 0.80 |
Licensed health care professional is on-site 24 hours a day | 5 | (10%) | 3 | (19%) | 2 | (6%) | 0.31 |
Licensed health care professional oversees infection control | 3 | (6%) | 0 | (0%) | 3 | (9%) | 0.54 |
All staff are required to receive infection control training: * | |||||||
On hiring | 7 | (14%) | 2 | (13%) | 5 | (15%) | 1.00 |
Within a specified time period from hiring | 12 | (24%) | 4 | (25%) | 8 | (24%) | 1.00 |
Annually | 7 | (14%) | 1 | (6%) | 6 | (18%) | 0.41 |
Other infection control training requirements | 3 | (6%) | 2 | (13%) | 1 | (3%) | 0.24 |
Any of the above infection control training requirements mentioned | 27 | (54%) | 9 | (56%) | 18 | (53%) | 0.83 |
Sub-contracting home health agencies or aides is permitted if: * | |||||||
Patient arranges hiring of aides independently | 21 | (42%) | 6 | (38%) | 15 | (44%) | 0.66 |
ALF coordinates hiring of aides for individual residents | 25 | (50%) | 10 | (63%) | 15 | (44%) | 0.23 |
ALF sub-contracts with agency for all residents | 4 | (8%) | 1 | (6%) | 3 | (9%) | 1.00 |
Other specified criteria | 4 | (8%) | 0 | (0%) | 4 | (12%) | 0.29 |
Any of the above sub-contracting options permitted | 44 | (88%) | 14 | (88%) | 30 | (88%) | 1.00 |
| |||||||
Infection Control and Prevention | |||||||
| |||||||
Facility inspection includes infection control assessment | 8 | (16%) | 4 | (25%) | 4 | (12%) | 0.25 |
Specific requirement to report cases of communicable disease | 25 | (50%) | 4 | (25%) | 21 | (62%) | 0.02 |
Specific infection control measures referenced in the regulation: | |||||||
Personal protective equipment | 11 | (22%) | 3 | (19%) | 8 | (24%) | 1.00 |
Hand hygiene | 18 | (36%) | 6 | (38%) | 12 | (35%) | 0.88 |
Safe injection practices | 5 | (10%) | 0 | (0%) | 5 | (15%) | 0.16 |
Other infection control practice** | 5 | (10%) | 1 | (6%) | 4 | (12%) | 1.00 |
Any of the above infection control measures referenced | 23 | (46%) | 7 | (44%) | 16 | (47%) | 0.83 |
Infection control guidelines/standards referenced: * | |||||||
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | 13 | (26%) | 1 | (6%) | 12 | (35%) | 0.04 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration *** | 5 | (10%) | 1 | (6%) | 4 | (12%) | 1.00 |
General infection prevention standard(s) †† | 8 | (16%) | 1 | (6%) | 7 | (21%) | 0.41 |
Any of the above | 22 | (44%) | 3 | (19%) | 19 | (56%) | 0.02 |
Specific reference to Standard or Universal Precautions: | |||||||
Standard Precautions | 9 | (18%) | 0 | (0%) | 9 | (26%) | 0.04 |
Universal Precautions | 16 | (32%) | 6 | (38%) | 10 | (29%) | 0.57 |
Either of the above | 24 | (48%) | 6 | (38%) | 18 | (53%) | 0.31 |
Specific requirement for written infection control plan | 18 | (36%) | 5 | (31%) | 13 | (38%) | 0.63 |
States could select more than one
Including but not limited to aseptic techniques, compliance with rules regarding special waste, immunization
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1030
Regulation includes general infection control language using terminology pertaining to “standard of care,” “scientifically accepted,” or “professional standards”