Table 1.

Association between hospital characteristics and use of intraoperative HA-CMC.

	Any use of HA-CMC					Early uptake of HA-CMC (on or before 2004)
	No		Yes			No		Yes
	N	(%)	N	(%)	p-value	N	(%)	N	(%)	p-value
	148	(24.2)	464	(75.8)		317	(51.8)	295	(48.2)
Age <60					0.05					0.01
<50%	24	(33.3)	48	(66.7)		47	(65.3)	25	(34.7)
≥50%	124	(23.0)	416	(77.0)		270	(50.0)	270	(50.0)
Black patients					0.006					0.37
<20%	78	(20.1)	303	(79.5)		192	(50.4)	189	(49.6)
≥20%	70	(30.3)	161	(69.7)		125	(54.1)	106	(45.9)
Medicaid/uninsured population					0.003					0.003
<10%	58	(19.1)	246	(80.9)		139	(45.7)	165	(54.3)
≥10%	90	(29.2)	218	(70.8)		178	(57.8)	130	(42.2)
Commercial insurance					0.05					0.008
<50%	58	(29.0)	142	(71.0)		119	(59.5)	81	(40.5)
≥50%	90	(21.8)	322	(78.2)		198	(48.1)	214	(51.9)
Comorbidity ≥1					0.003					0.51
<40%	62	(33.7)	122	(66.3)		99	(53.8)	85	(46.2)
≥40%	86	(20.1)	342	(80.0)		218	(50.9)	210	(49.1)
Teaching status					0.009					0.001
Non-teaching	121	(26.9)	329	(73.1)		251	(55.8)	199	(44.2)
Teaching	27	(16.7)	135	(83.3)		66	(40.7)	96	(59.3)
Area of residence					0.001					0.001
Metropolitan	103	(21.3)	380	(78.7)		233	(48.2)	250	(51.8)
Non-metropolitan	45	(34.9)	84	(65.1)		84	(65.1)	45	(34.9)
Region					0.05					0.05
Eastern	23	(25.8)	66	(74.2)		52	(58.4)	37	(41.6)
Midwest	47	(30.7)	106	(69.3)		88	(57.5)	65	(42.5)
Southern	64	(23.0)	214	(77.0)		127	(45.7)	151	(54.3)
Western	14	(15.2)	78	(84.8)		50	(54.4)	42	(45.7)
Hospital size					0.001					<0.0001
<400 beds	127	(27.9)	329	(72.2)		262	(57.5)	194	(42.5)
400-600 beds	14	(13.3)	91	(86.7)		36	(34.3)	69	(65.7)
>600 beds	7	(13.7)	44	(86.3)		19	(37.3)	32	(62.8)