Table 2.
Therapeutic strategies for enhancing collateral circulation via arteriogenesis and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis.
| Arteriogenesis | Clinical trials | Angiogenesis/ vasculogenesis |
Clinical trials |
|---|---|---|---|
| Induced hypertension | SETIN-Hypertension (O) | Erythropoietin | EPO stroke (C) |
| Head position | HeadPoST (O) | Trophic factors | |
| Volume expansion | Statins | ||
| Partial aortic occlusion | SENTIS (C), FASTFlo-tPA (C), Flo24 (C) |
PDE5 inhibitors | Sildenafil treatment of subacute ischemic stroke (C) |
| SPG stimulation | ImpACT-24 (O) | Stem/progenitor cells | |
| External counter pulsation | CUFFS (C), EULIPCCS (O) |
||
| Bypass surgery | |||
| Albumin | ALIAS (C) | ||
| Nitric oxide | ENOS (C) | ||
| TNF-α inhibitor |
SPG, sphenopalatine ganglion; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; PDE5, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.
SETIN-Hypertension, Safety and efficacy of therapeutic induced hypertension in acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke; HeadPoST, Head position in stroke trial; SENTIS, Safety and efficacy of NeuroFlo technology in ischemic stroke; FASTFlot-tPA, Feasibility and safety of NeuroFlo in stroke patients receiving tissue plasminogen activator; Flo24, Safety and efficacy of NeuroFlo in 8–24 hour stroke patients; ImpACT-24, Implant for augmentation of cerebral blood flow trial, effectiveness and safety in a 24 hour window; CUFFS, Safety study of external counterpulsation as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke; EULIPCCS, Effects of upper limb ischemic postconditioning on collateral circulation after stroke; ALIAS, Albumin in acute ischemic stroke trial; ENOS, Efficacy of nitric oxide in stroke; EPO stroke, Multicenter efficacy study of recombinant human erythropoietin in acute ischemic stroke.
(C) completed trials ; (O) ongoing trials.