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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Sep 12;1850(12):2422–2438. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.007

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Schematic illustration of distinct signaling pathways induced by rhTum and rhEndo. rhTum binds to αvβ3 integrin, whereas rhEndo binds to α5β1. Both rhEndo and rhTum inhibit phosphorylation of FAK (yellow). Downstream of FAK, rhTum inhibits PI3-K/Akt/mTor/4EBP1 pathway, resulting in inhibition of endothelial protein synthesis and proliferation. MAP kinase pathways are not affected by rhTum. In contrast, inhibition of FAK activation by rhEndo binding to α5β1 integrin leads to inhibition of ERK1/p38 MAP kinase pathways with no effect on PI3-K/Akt/mTOR/4EBP1 pathways, resulting in inhibition of endothelial cell migration. [Adapted from Sudhaker et al. [107]]