Table 1.

Childhood Risk Factors and Juvenile Justice and Criminal Justice System Involvement by Gender

		Men		Women
Childhood Risk Variable		Mean (SD)/% (n)		Mean (SD)/%
Juvenile Felony		83.6% (n = 51)		64.0% (n = 52)
Physical Abuse		6.6%*** (n = 4)		55.4%*** (n = 45)
Sexual Abuse		3.3%*** (n = 2)		48.2%*** (n = 39)
Family Violence		6.6%*** (n = 4)		41.0%*** (n = 33)
Parent Convicted		21.3%*** (n = 13)		56.6%*** (n = 46)
Parent Divorced		55.7% (n = 34)		49.4% (n = 40)
Serious Drug/Alcohol Use		8.2%*** (n = 5)		72.3%*** (n = 59)
Prior Placements (2+)		29.5% (n = 18)		38.6% (n = 31)
Arrest Variable	Range	Mean (SD)/%	Range	Mean (SD)/%
Number of Juvenile Records	1–39	16.46 (9.07)***	1–26	8.77 (5.21)***
Age at First Criminal Referral	8.51–15.59	12.80 (1.58)	8.11–16.47	12.78 (1.66)
Number of Adult Arrests	0–37	11.13 (8.51)***	0–22	3.04 (4.20)***
Number of Adult Felony Arrests	0–18	4.15 (4.09)***	0–18	1.36 (3.06)***
Number of Days to First Adult Arrest	8–1024	279.10 (261.75)***	7–4011	871.07 (930.30)***
Number of Days to First Adult Felony Arrest	20–2157	561.17 (504.32)*	7–2607	876.81 (724.68)*
Percent with Any Adult Arrest		95% (n = 58)		67% (n = 54)
Percent with Felony Adult Arrest		79% (n = 48)		39% (n = 32)
Percent of Drug Possession/Distribution Charges		2.7% (n = 2)		10.0% (n = 8)

Note:

^*denotes significantly different prevalence by gender at p < .05;

^***p < .001.