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. 2015 Oct 28;46:124. doi: 10.1186/s13567-015-0262-4

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© Walker and Klement. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Likely general directions of seasonal spread of BEFV. A East Asia. B Australia. C Southern Africa. D Middle East. Epizootics appear to emerge in the spring or early summer from enzootic foci in tropical regions and extend northwards or southwards through late summer and autumn. Pathways shown in East Asia and Australia are based on historical records and recent observations of epizootics, supported by molecular epidemiological studies. Pathways in Africa are based only on historical accounts. Pathways in the Middle East are less clear and may be complex with potential for epizootics to originate in either East Africa or West Asia. Dashed arrows indicate possible pathways in this region.