Table 2. Characteristics of included studies.
| Number of studies (%) | |
|---|---|
| PW type | |
| Sachet | 49 (24%) |
| Sachet (hand-filled) | 8 (4%) |
| Small bottles (0.5-<5L) | 120 (60%) |
| Large bottles (5-20L) | 15 (7%) |
| Dispensing | 9 (4%) |
| Unspecified | 2 (1%) |
| Point of sampling | |
| Manufacturers | 16 (9%) |
| Point of sale | 104 (60%) |
| Both Manufactures and POS | 10 (6%) |
| Households/offices | 7 (4%) |
| Study design a | |
| Cross-sectional | 146 (85%) |
| Longitudinal | 22 (13%) |
| Method (diagnostic) | 3 (2%) |
| Randomized | 58 (34%) |
| Representative | 30 (17%) |
| Study quality | |
| Low (0–2) | 69 (41%) |
| Medium (3–4) | 77 (45%) |
| High (5–8) | 24 (14%) |
| Language | |
| English | 141 (82%) |
| French | 1 (1%) |
| Portuguese | 23 (13%) |
| Spanish | 6 (3%) |
| Turkish | 1 (1%) |
| Parameter | |
| E. coli | 81 (47%) |
| Thermotolerant coliforms | 84 (49%) |
| Total coliforms | 155 (90%) |
| Sample size | |
| Small (10–30) | 53 (31%) |
| Medium (31–100) | 75 (44%) |
| Large (101–1941) | 44 (25%) |
| Setting a | |
| National | 14 (8%) |
| Urban | 120 (70%) |
| Peri-Urban | 3 (2%) |
| Rural | 2 (1%) |
| Urban and Rural | 3 (2%) |
| Urban and Peri-Urban | 1 (<1%) |
| Unspecified/Regional | 29 (17%) |
| Income Level a | |
| High income (HI) | 36 (21%) |
| Upper-middle income (UM) | 57 (33%) |
| Lower-middle income (LM) | 69 (40%) |
| Lower income (LI) | 10 (6%) |
| Total a | 172 |
aTwo articles reported two separate studies within the article, therefore the total is 172.