Table 2. Mean Values (St. Dev.) and Two-Way Analysis of Variance on Soil Nutrition Parameters from Three Sites in Central Appalachian Mountains with Invaded and Non-Invaded Locations.

Location	M		R		A		Location	Invasion Status	Location x invasion status
Invader	Microstegium vimineum		Rhamnus davurica		Ailanthus altissima
Invasion status	Invaded	Non-invaded	Invaded	Non-invaded	Invaded	Non-invaded
pH	5.36** (0.27)	4.9 (0.15)	6.69* (0.2)	6.66 (0.12)	6.29* (0.12)	6.67 (0.31)	<0.001	0.608	0.001
P	2.4 (0.5)	2.2 (0.5)	11.8 (6.8)	4.4 (1.1)	2.6 (0.8)	2.0 (0.00)	<0.001	0.015	0.016
K	106.8** (28.3)	52.4 (5.9)	104.0* (23.8)	72.4 (18.5)	150.4 (35.8)	126.4 (37.6)	0.002	0.002	0.442
Ca	553.2** (208.1)	156.2 (26.3)	1151.6 (175.9)	1123.6 (117.4)	1174.0* (285.4)	1634.8 (265.6)	<0.001	0.872	0.000
Mg	65.0 (11.2)	32.8 (2.6)	97.0 (7.3)	88.4 (9.2)	164.0 (46.8)	208.4 (25.7)	<0.001	0.887	0.003
Zn	2.18 (0.37)	1.88 (0.29)	1.36 (0.31)	1.28 (0.25)	4.72 (1.18)	5.12 (1.11)	<0.001	0.980	0.538
Mn	12.62*** (1.12)	15.4 (7.61)	11.44*** (5.7)	7.48 (0.64)	14.96** (2.58)	32.3 (7.74)	0.478	0.004	<0.001
Cu	1.4 (0.22)	1.48 (0.50)	0.60 (0.23)	0.82 (0.18)	1.24 (0.55)	0.78 (0.19)	0.003	0.677	0.091
Fe	18.5 (4.93)	22.4 (5.37)	16.4 (18.1)	18.5 (4.93)	3.98* (1.08)	2.46 (0.67)	0.027	0.118	0.185
B	0.3** (0.1)	0.2 (0.0)	0.5 (0.1)	0.5 (0.1)	0.8** (0.2)	1.4 (0.3)	0.000	0.017	<0.001
CEC	6.4 (0.42)	6.1 (1.16)	6.9 (0.86)	6.5 (0.62)	8.14 (1.60)	10.26 (1.50)	0.052	0.222	0.034

Parameter = soil nutrition trait; Location = the three locations where each species was sampled; Invasion Status = invaded and non-invaded plots. Bolded values indicate significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects. All nutrient units are μg element g^-1 soil. The statistical test (Tukey HSD means separation) is between invaded and non-invaded within site.

* = p ≤ 0.05

** = p ≤ 0.01

*** = p ≤ 0.001