Table 2. Circulating CXCR3 Ligands and NT–pro BNP in Controls and Cases.

Biomarker	Characteristics	Control	Subclinical LV dysfunction	Symptomatic LV dysfunction	p for trend
Monokine induced by interferon–γ (MIG [CXCL9])	n° of participants	32	17	14
	Level (pg/mL)	40.3 (29.9–54.2)	56.7 (28.6–98.0)	111.0 (39.6–332.5) ‡	0.014
Interferon–γ inducible protein 10 (IP10 [CXCL10])	n° of participants	32	17	14
	Level (pg/mL)	80.7 (55.0–113.7)	105.1 (63.4–140.5)	148.2 (81.4–213.2)*	0.001
Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemo-attractant (I–TAC [CXCL11]	n° of participants	31	13	13
	Level (pg/mL)	14.9 (7.80–22.4)	22.4 (7.80–35.2)	32.3 (23.2–56.9)†	0.008
N–terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT–pro BNP)	n° of participants	29	16	13
	Level (pmol/L)	202.1 (150.6–305.9)	284.3 (156.0–544.6)	380.7 (258.8–663.4)†	0.005

LV indicates left ventricle. Biomarker levels are geometric means (interquartile ranges).

Significance with healthy controls:

* p ≤ 0.05

† p ≤ 0.01; and

‡ p ≤ 0.001.