Table 3. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for risk of hypertension according to gout status: The Singapore Chinese Health Study (1999–2010).

	Cases/person-years	Model 1	Model 2
Baseline (follow-up I) gout status
No	5265/124476	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Yes	185/3521	1.28 (1.11–1.49)	1.18 (1.02–1.37)
Stratified by sex a
Men
No	2049/50003	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Yes	120/2058	1.46 (1.21–1.75)	1.31 (1.09–1.58)
Women
No	3216/74474	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Yes	65/1463	1.01 (0.78–1.29)	0.93 (0.72–1.19)
Stratified by BMI category a
Normal weight
No	3422/90073	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Yes	95/1857	1.40 (1.14–1.72)	1.34 (1.09–1.65)
Overweight/obesity
No	1843/34406	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Yes	90/1664	1.01 (0.82–1.25)	1.01 (0.81–1.25)
Duration of gout
No gout	5265/124476	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
0.1–4.9 years	90/1767	1.24 (1.01–1.53)	1.14 (0.93–1.41)
≥5.0 years	95/1754	1.33 (1.09–1.63)	1.21 (0.99–1.49)
P for trend b		0.001	0.03
2-year lag analysis c
No	4922/85227	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Yes	169/2391	1.26 (1.08–1.47)	1.16 (0.99–1.35)

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, dialect, year of interview, and educational level.

Model 2: model 1 plus body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, and history of diabetes at follow-up I.

^aThe P for interaction was 0.02 for sex, and 0.04 for BMI category (<24 and ≥24 kg/m²).

^b P for trend was calculated by treating the categorical variable of duration of gout as a continuous variable.

^c359 participants were excluded from the analysis.