Table 5.
Representative examples illustrating multiplex PCR microarray methods targeting GMO.
| Multiplexing | Techniques | Methods | Targets | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duplex | DualChip GMO | Element-specific | p35S and tNOS | [59–61] |
| Duplex | DualChip GMO | Construct-specific | pNOS/nptII | [59–61] |
| Virus-specific | CaMV | |||
| Triplex | DualChip GMO | Element-specific | pat, Cry1A(b), and CP4-EPSPS | [59–61] |
| Triplex | NAIMA | Taxon-specific | IVR | [62] |
| Element-specific | p35S and tNOS | |||
| Triplex | NAIMA | Taxon-specific | IVR | |
| Element-specific | p35S | [62] | ||
| Event-specific | MON810 | |||
| Tetraplex | DualChip GMO | Plant-specific | RBCL | [59–61] |
| Taxon-specific | IVR, LEC, and CRU | [63] | ||
| Octaplex | MQDA-PCR | Taxon-specific | HMG | |
| Element-specific | p35S and tNOS | |||
| Event-specific | Bt176, Bt11, and MON810 | |||
| Other | IPC | |||
| Decaplex | PPLMD | Taxon-specific | SAD1, Zein, ACC, and LEC | |
| Element-specific | p35S, pFMV, and bar | [64] | ||
| Event-specific | MON1445, Bt176, and GTS40-3-2 | |||
| Dodecaplex | MQDA-PCR | Taxon-specific | HMG | [63] |
| Element-specific | p35S, tNOS, and Amp | |||
| Event-specific | Bt176, Bt11, MON810, T25, GA21, CBH351, and DBT418 | |||
| Other | IPC |
ACC (acetyl-CoA-carboxylase gene from colza); Amp (ampicillin resistance gene); bar (phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferases gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus); CaMV (ORFIII from CaMV); CP4-EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain); CRU (cruciferin gene from colza); Cry (gene encoding the Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin); HMG (major high-mobility group protein gene from maize); IPC (internal positive control); IVR (invertase gene from maize); LEC (lectin gene from soybean); nptII (neomycin phosphotransferase II gene); p35S (promoter of the 35 S cauliflower mosaic virus); pat (phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferases gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes); pFMV (promoter of the figwort mosaic virus); pNOS (promoter of the nopaline synthase gene); RBCL (ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase); SAD1 (stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene from cotton); tNOS (terminator of the nopaline synthase gene); Zein (Zein gene from maize).