Table 1.

Pathophysiological roles of IL-1 family members. The cellular source, target cells, and major functions of IL-1 family cytokines are shown. Representative diseases involving each cytokine are also shown. The precise disease relevancy is described in the text.

Cytokine	Cellular sources	Targets	Major functions	Liver diseases	Other diseases
IL-1α	Many cell types	Many cell types	Inflammation	Sterile inflammation	Sterile inflammation
IL-1β	Many cell types	Many cell types	Inflammation, Th17 induction	Sterile inflammation NAFLD	Sterile inflammation Autoinflammatory diseases
IL-33	Many cell types	ICL2, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells	Wound healing Type 2 response	Liver fibrosis	Nematode-associated disease, allergic diseases, fibrosis
IL-18	Many cell types	NK cells, Th1 cells, mast cells, basophils	Inflammation, Th1 response, allergic response	Innate immunity-mediated liver injury	Chronic dermatitis, intrinsic allergy
IL-37	Unknown murine orthologue	Many cell types	Inhibition of innate and acquired immunity	Unknown	Protection of sepsis
IL-36	Many cell types	Skin	Recruitment of neutrophils	Unknown	Psoriasis

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICL2: group 2 innate lymphoid cells; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.