Fig. 3.

Analyses of cell death phenotypes in COPI VIGS N. benthamiana plants. (A) Flow cytometry was performed with leaf nuclei isolated from TRV:β′-COP, TRV:γ-COP, and TRV:δ-COP VIGS plants and TRV control plants at 11 and 16 DAI. Approximately 10,000 nuclei were counted for each sample. A, apoptotic nuclei. (B) The TUNEL assay on TRV:β′-COP, TRV:γ-COP, and TRV:δ-COP VIGS leaves was observed by confocal microscopy. Leaves were counterstained with DAPI to visualize nuclei. TRV and DNase-treated TRV leaves were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Scale bars = 20 μm.