hTRPA1 exhibits functional parameters intermediate to agTRPA1(A) and dTRPA1(A) when heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (A–D) Indicated TRPA1 channels were heterologously expressed in oocytes and subjected to electrophysiological characterization upon exposure to different doses of citronellal. Responses at +60 and −60 mV are shown in the left panels and IV relationships in the right panels. RR: 0.05 mM ruthenium red, a TRPA1 inhibitor. (E) Citronellal dose-dependence of Anopheles gambiae TRPA1 (agTRPA1) isoforms and human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) in oocytes. Letters indicate statistically distinct groups (Tukey, p < 0.01, n = 6–7). ***: p < 0.001, Student’s t-test. (F) Maximal citronellal responses normalized to those of NMM. Citronellal concentrations used for maximal responses: 10 mM for dTRPA1s, agTRPA1(B), hTRPA1, and 1 mM for agTRPA1(A) channels (n = 6–7). ***: p < 0.001, all comparisons. ###: p < 0.001, comparisons between dTRPA1s and agTRPA1(B) that show means lower than 1.0. ANOVA Tukey test.