Table 5. Fully-adjusted association between RF-EMF exposure sources and those sleeping problems a priori hypothesized NOT to be potentially related to RF-EMF exposure.
Sleeping problems | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bedtime resistance | Sleep anxiety | Sleep disordered breathing | Total score | |||||
OR | (95% CI) | IRR | (95% CI) | IRR | (95% CI) | IRR | (95% CI) | |
Environmental RF-EMF exposure from mobile phone base stations at home | ||||||||
<50th perc. | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
50-90th perc. | 1.06 | (0.89 to 1.26) | 1.08 | (0.93 to 1.27) | 0.94 | (0.76 to 1.16) | 1.03 | (0.96 to 1.11) |
>90th perc. | 0.96 | (0.73 to 1.28) | 0.96 | (0.74 to 1.24) | 0.64 | (0.44 to 0.94) | 0.93 | (0.83 to 1.04) |
p-val trend | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.05 | 0.60 | ||||
RF-EMF indoor sources (Cordless phone/Wi-Fi) | ||||||||
None | 0.69 | (0.44 to 1.09) | 0.59 | (0.39 to 0.92) | 1.09 | (0.65 to 1.81) | 0.96 | (0.81 to 1.15) |
WiFi yes, cordless phone no | 0.90 | (0.73 to 1.12) | 0.90 | (0.74 to 1.09) | 1.42 | (1.11 to 1.82) | 0.92 | (0.84 to 1.00) |
WiFi no, cordless phone yes | 0.94 | (0.67 to 1.32) | 0.70 | (0.51 to 0.98) | 1.27 | (0.85 to 1.90) | 0.90 | (0.79 to 1.04) |
Both | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Mobile phone use at age 5 | ||||||||
No use | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
less than once per week | 1.26 | (1.06 to 1.50) | 1.19 | (1.02 to 1.39) | 1.05 | (0.85 to 1.30) | 1.11 | (1.03 to 1.19) |
1–2 per week | 0.98 | (0.69 to 1.39) | 0.83 | (0.59 to 1.16) | 0.98 | (0.64 to 1.51) | 1.08 | (0.94 to 1.24) |
3 times or more per week | 2.08 | (1.41 to 3.06) | 1.36 | (0.94 to 1.97) | 1.15 | (0.70 to 1.89) | 1.30 | (1.10 to 1.54) |
p-val trend | <0.001 | 0.14 | 0.63 | <0.001 | ||||
Cordless phone use at age 5 | ||||||||
No use | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
less than once per week | 0.95 | (0.74 to 1.22) | 0.96 | (0.77 to 1.20) | 1.04 | (0.76 to 1.41) | 0.95 | (0.86 to 1.05) |
1–2 per week | 1.21 | (0.89 to 1.64) | 0.93 | (0.71 to 1.23) | 1.21 | (0.84 to 1.75) | 0.96 | (0.85 to 1.08) |
3 times or more per week | 0.96 | (0.67 to 1.38) | 0.93 | (0.67 to 1.28) | 1.25 | (0.82 to 1.90) | 0.90 | (0.78 to 1.04) |
p-val trend | 0.48 | 0.60 | 0.16 | 0.23 |
Model adjusted for maternal educational level, parental financial situation, parental countries of birth, maternal and paternal age, and child's sex, age, and number of siblings.