Figure 4. Relative densities of Portiera and Hamiltonella of female F1, i.e., offspring produced by F0 adults in the mating experiment.

RF: rifampicin treated whiteflies; U: untreated whiteflies. Different letters above the four bars in each symbiont indicate significant difference between the four treatments based on Kruskal-Wallis test at α = 0.05 (P < 0.05).