Figure 4. Class-specific grand-average ERPs for target and non-target stimuli and their differences in terms of the sgn r² value after removing artifact components using ICA when a target is the (a) left, (b) middle, and (c) right stimulus, respectively.

P3 components more shifted to the direction of a visual stimulus are observed in the sgn r² maps of the second time periods for left and right targets. In each figure, the topographic maps in three columns correspond to the three time periods shaded in the top panels, and the time intervals were empirically selected to better show the target-specific ERP patterns.