Figure 1.
Median-joining networks of (a) 41 chlorotypes (C1-C41) and (b) 59 nuclear ribotypes (R1-R59) in R. soongarica from the five groups in ACA, e.g. Taklamakan Desert (TaD), Gurbantunggut Desert (GuD), Qaidam Basin (QB), Kumtag Desert and Gashun Gobi (KD-GG), and Badain Jaran and Tengger deserts (BJ-TD). The size of the circles corresponds to the frequency of each haplotype. Small gray circles indicate unsampled or extinct haplotypes. Each number near the line represents the mutational steps interconnecting two haplotypes, and only the steps over two mutations are listed. There were three mutation steps between C39 and C9, as each mutation represents 5.35 × 105 year (1 substitution representing the divergence time of 1/[4.87 × 10−10 s/s/y × 3,836 bps) years]. Chlorotypes C39 and C9 are presented at ca. 2.96 and 1.4 Mya, respectively.