Table 1.
Summary of multivariate analyses applied to autism spectrum disorder.
| Author | Year | n | Results | Features relied upon | MVA | Validation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jiao et al. (2010), also Jiao et al. (2011) | 2010 | 22 | AUC = 0.93 Accuracy = 87% | Regional cortical thickness (left & right pars triangularis, left medial orbitofrontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left frontal pole, left precuneus, left caudal anterior cingulate) | SVM, ANN, Functional Trees, Logistic Model Trees | 10 fold CV |
| Zhou et al. (2014) | 2014 | 127 | Accuracy = 70% | Caudate volume, rs-fMRI: caudate-cortical & inferior frontal gyrus connectivity | RF | 10 fold CV |
| Wee et al. (2014) | 2014 | 58 | AUC = 0.995 Accuracy = 96% | Regional measurements combined with interregional measurements (cortical thickness, etc.) | SVM | 2 fold CV |
| Crippa et al. (2015) | 2015 | 15 | Accuracy = 97% | Upper limb motor movement feature measurements | SVM | LOO |
| Deshpande et al. (2013) | 2013 | 15 | Accuracy = 96% | DTI: measurements based on effective connectivity paths | SVM | 10 fold CV |
| Ecker et al. (2010) | 2010 | 22 | Sensitivity = 88% Specificity = 86% |
Limbic fronto-striatal, fronto-temporal, fronto-parietal & cerebellar measures | SVM | LOO |
| Ingalhalikar et al. (2011) | 2011 | 45 | Sensitivity = 74% Specificity = 84% |
Atlas based regional feature measurements extracted from DTI | SVM | LOO |
| Calderoni et al. (2012) | 2012 | 38 | AUC = 0.80 | left superior frontal gyrus (female autism patients exhibited more gray matter) | SVM | LOO (paired) |
| Lange et al. (2010) | 2010 | 30 + 12 | Accuracy = 92% | Hemispheric asymmetry measurements with DTI | SVM | LOO |
| Plitt et al. (2015) | 2015 | 59 | Accuracy = 95% | Behavioral measures and resting state fMRI measurements. Behavioral measurements outperformed. | RF, kNN, SVM, Bayes, LDA, logistic regression | LOO |
| Adluru et al. (2012) | 2012 | 11 | Accuracy = 81% | Feature measurements derived from Epsilon Radial Networks | SVM | LOO |
| Lombardo et al. (2015) | 2015 | 60 | AUC = 0.81 | fMRI, language measures, autism diagnostic observation scale for predicting language outcome in children with autism | LDA | 5 fold CV |
| Lim et al. (2013) | 2013 | 19 | Accuracy = 85% | Gray matter volumetric data | Gaussian process | LOO |
| Uddin et al. (2011) | 2011 | 24 | Accuracy = 90% | Gray matter in the posterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and bilateral medial temporal lobes | SVM | 10 fold CV |
| Nielsen et al. (2013) | 2013 | 447 | Accuracy = 60% | rs-fMRI: default mode network, parahippocampal and fusiform gyri, insula, Wernicki Area, intraparietal sulcus | GLM | LOO |
| Chen et al. (2015) | 2015 | 126 | Accuracy = 91% | rs-fMRI: somatosensory, default mode, visual and subcortical regions | RF | Native to RF |
| Chen et al. (2016) | 2016 | 112 | Accuracy = 79% | rs-fMRI: atypical connections between the default mode, fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks | SVM | LOO |
| Juranek et al. (2006) | 2006 | 42 | Anxiety/depression correlated with right amygdala volume | Amygdala volume and anxiety/depression levels measured in autistic children. | Linear regression with multivariate adjustment of covariates | N/A |