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. 2015 Aug 17;2(3):214–232. doi: 10.3390/jcdd2030214

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Characterization of VIC phenotypes during early heart valve development. Immunohistochemistry to show expression of smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) with Periostin (A,A’,D), Twist1 (B,B’,E) and Vimentin (C,C’,F) in cells within the inferior and superior endocardial cushions at E12.5 (A–C’) and atrioventricular valve primordia at E13.5 (D–F). Arrows indicate SMA expression (red) and arrowheads indicate Periostin (A,A’,D) Twist1 (B,B’,E) and Vimentin (C,C’,F) shown in green. The boxed areas in A-C are shown at higher magnification in (A’–C’). The white lines highlight the developing valve regions. I, inferior cushion; IVS, intraventricular septum; LV, left ventricle; P, parietal leaflets; S, superior cushion.