Characterization of VIC phenotypes in diseased mitral valves from 12 month old Fbn1C1039/+ mice. Pentachrome staining to show extracellular matrix composition and organization in 12 month wild type (Fbn1+/+ mice) (A) and Fbn1C1039/+ (B) mice. (C–H) Immunohistochemistry to detect expression of smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) with Periostin (C,D), Twist1 (E,F) and Vimentin (G,H) in cells within the mitral valve leaflet of wild type (C,E,G) and Fbn1C1039/+ (D,F,H) mice. Arrows indicate SMA expression (red) and arrowheads indicate Periostin (C,D), Twist1 (E,F) and Vimentin (G,H) shown in green. mmv, mural mitral valve.