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. 2015 Aug 17;2(3):214–232. doi: 10.3390/jcdd2030214

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© 2015 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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VIC phenotypes in diseased human myxomatous mitral valve biopsies. (A,H) Pentachrome staining to show extracellular matrix composition and organization in control (A) and myxomatous (H) mitral valves from human patients. (B–G,I–T) Immunohistochemistry to detect expression of smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) with Periostin (B–D,I–N) and Vimentin (E–G,O–T) in cells within the mitral valve leaflet of control (B–G) and myxomatous (I–T) patients. Arrows indicate SMA expression (red) and arrowheads indicate Periostin (green) expression. Boxed areas in A and H highlight the regions of immunostaining of cells within the tip, middle and base regions of both control and diseased valves. CT, chordae tendineae.

VIC phenotypes in diseased human myxomatous mitral valve biopsies. (A,H) Pentachrome staining to show extracellular matrix composition and organization in control (A) and myxomatous (H) mitral valves from human patients. (B–G,I–T) Immunohistochemistry to detect expression of smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) with Periostin (B–D,I–N) and Vimentin (E–G,O–T) in cells within the mitral valve leaflet of control (B–G) and myxomatous (I–T) patients. Arrows indicate SMA expression (red) and arrowheads indicate Periostin (green) expression. Boxed areas in A and H highlight the regions of immunostaining of cells within the tip, middle and base regions of both control and diseased valves. CT, chordae tendineae.