Table 1.

Completed human HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials

Trial	Details	Population	Area	Outcome
Vax004	AIDSVAX B/B gp120 (MN and GNE8 subtype B) gp120 in alum	MSM* and women who engage in high-risk behaviour	USA and Europe	No efficacy
Vax003	AIDSVAX B/E gp120 (subtype B MN and CRF01_AE CM244) gp120 in alum	PWID†	Thailand	No efficacy
HVTN 502/Merck 023/Step trial	MRKAd5‡ HIV-1 Gag/Pol/Nef subtype B	High-risk population, MSM, heterosexual men and women	USA	No efficacy
HVTN 503/ Phambili trial	MRKAd5 HIV-1 Gag/Pol/Nef subtype B	Heterosexual men and women	Republic of South Africa	No efficacy; increased HIV infection observed in vaccinees
RV144	ALVAC-HIV§ (vCP1521) and AIDSVAX B/E (subtype B MN and CRF01_AE CM244) rgp120 in alum	Community risk	Thailand	31.2% efficacy against HIV acquisition at 42 months, 60% at 12 months. No effect on plasma viral load and CD4 count
HVTN 505	DNA Gag, Pol, and Nef from HIV-1 subtype B and Env from subtypes A, B, and C and rAd5 subtype B Gag-Pol and Env A, B, and C	Circumcised MSM and transgender individuals lacking infection with Ad5	USA	No efficacy

^*Men who have sex with men;

^†people who inject drugs;

^‡MRKAd5: recombinant replication-incompetent Ad5 vector;

^§ALVAC-HIV: recombinant canarypox vector