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. 2015 Oct 29;13:89. doi: 10.1186/s12915-015-0201-x

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© Kühlbrandt. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Membrane protein complexes of the respiratory chain. Electron transport complexes I (NADH/ubiquinone oxidoreductase, blue), II (succinate dehydrogenase, pink), III (cytochrome c reductase, orange), IV (cytochrome c oxidase, green) and the mitochondrial ATP synthase (also known as complex V, tan) work together in oxidative phosphorylation to harness energy for the cell. Complexes I, III and IV pump protons across the cristae membrane, creating the proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. UQ ubiquinol. (Adapted from Davies KA, Daum B. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2013;41:1227–34.)