The first step in HCV assembly often takes place on LDs. HCV core localizes to LDs that are in proximity to ER-associated virus replication factory. Following replication, HCV NS5A brings the nascent RNA to LDs via interaction with DGAT1 and core proteins, thus initiating virus assembly [90]. The two enzymes, ACS and ACAT, are crucial for LDs biogenesis and facilitate HCV assembly [84]. Virus particles maturation, in the form of LVP, requires cholesterol and sphingolipids, which may be provided by OSBP and CERT, two PI4P effector proteins [98]. E1/E2: HCV glycoproteins; LuLD: luminal LDs; VLDL: very low density lipoprotein; LVP: lipo-viro-particle.