Table 2.
Predicted mean values of hCG (IU/l), by maternal factors, predicted mean values by placental-fetal sex, and female/male ratios in hCG levels and their fluctuations across subgroups
| All | Female | Male | Female/male ratio | Interaction with sex P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Predicted mean (S.E.) | Relative to referent ratioa | Predicted mean (S.E.) | ||||
| First trimester hCG | ||||||
| Sex | 67.0 (0.03) | 60.4 (0.03) | 1.11 | |||
| Race | <0.0001 | |||||
| Hispanic | 58.4 (0.03) | Ref. | 61.3 (0.04) | 55.7 (0.04) | 1.10 | |
| White | 65.0 (0.04) | 1.11 | 69.1 (0.05) | 61.3 (0.04) | 1.13 | |
| Black | 67.3 (0.11) | 1.15 | 71.3 (0.16) | 63.5 (0.14) | 1.12 | |
| Asian | 79.1 (0.06) | 1.35 | 82.9 (0.09) | 75.8 (0.08) | 1.09 | |
| Age (years) | 0.0005 | |||||
| <20 | 65.1 (0.11) | Ref. | 68.0 (0.16) | 62.4 (0.14) | 1.09 | |
| 20–34 | 62.8 (0.03) | 0.96 | 66.1 (0.04) | 59.7 (0.03) | 1.11 | |
| 34< | 65.7 (0.05) | 1.01 | 69.5 (0.07) | 62.3 (0.06) | 1.12 | |
| Weight (kgs) | 0.0229 | |||||
| ≤59 | 77.3 (0.04) | Ref. | 81.5 (0.06) | 73.5 (0.05) | 1.11 | |
| 59–79 | 63.7 (0.02) | 0.82 | 67.3 (0.03) | 60.5 (0.03) | 1.11 | |
| 79< | 51.2 (0.03) | 0.66 | 53.8 (0.04) | 48.8 (0.03) | 1.10 | |
| Non-smoker | 63.7 (0.02) | Ref. | 67.1 (0.03) | 60.5 (0.03) | 1.11 | |
| Smoker | 48.0 (0.19) | 0.75 | 50.8 (0.28) | 45.4 (0.24) | 1.12 | 0.99 |
| Non-diabetic | 63.7 (0.02) | Ref. | 67.1 (0.03) | 60.5 (0.03) | 1.11 | |
| Diabetic | 53.4 (0.19) | 0.84 | 55.7 (0.28) | 51.4 (0.25) | 1.08 | 0.14 |
| Non-ovum donor | 63.5 (0.02) | Ref. | 66.9 (0.03) | 60.4 (0.03) | 1.11 | |
| Ovum donor | 77.9 (0.43) | 1.23 | 83.5 (0.61) | 73.1 (0.55) | 1.14 | 0.08 |
| Second trimester hCG | ||||||
| Sex | 20.9 (0.01) | 19.4 (0.01) | 1.08 | |||
| Race | <0.0001 | |||||
| Hispanic | 18.8 (0.01) | Ref. | 19.5 (0.01) | 18.1 (0.01) | 1.08 | |
| White | 20.5 (0.01) | 1.09 | 21.3 (0.02) | 19.7 (0.02) | 1.08 | |
| Black | 20.6 (0.03) | 1.10 | 21.6 (0.05) | 19.6 (0.04) | 1.10 | |
| Asian | 25.1 (0.02) | 1.34 | 25.5 (0.03) | 24.7 (0.03) | 1.03 | |
| Age (years) | 0.0129 | |||||
| <20 | 20.8 (0.03) | Ref. | 21.5 (0.04) | 20.2 (0.04) | 1.06 | |
| 20–34 | 19.8 (0.01) | 0.95 | 20.5 (0.01) | 19.0 (0.01) | 1.08 | |
| 34< | 21.2 (0.02) | 1.02 | 21.9 (0.02) | 20.5 (0.02) | 1.07 | |
| Weight (kgs) | <0.0001 | |||||
| ≤59 | 24.4 (0.01) | Ref. | 25.0 (0.02) | 23.8 (0.02) | 1.05 | |
| 59–79 | 20.1 (0.01) | 0.82 | 20.9 (0.01) | 19.4 (0.01) | 1.08 | |
| 79< | 16.4 (0.01) | 0.67 | 17.1 (0.01) | 15.7 (0.01) | 1.09 | |
| Non-smoker | 20.2 (0.01) | Ref. | 20.9 (0.01) | 19.5 (0.01) | 1.07 | |
| Smoker | 15.4 (0.05) | 0.76 | 16.1 (0.07) | 14.7 (0.07) | 1.10 | 0.11 |
| Non-diabetic | 20.1 (0.01) | Ref. | 20.9 (0.01) | 19.4 (0.01) | 1.08 | |
| Diabetic | 17.8 (0.06) | 0.89 | 18.4 (0.09) | 17.2 (0.08) | 1.07 | 0.88 |
| Non-ovum donor | 20.1 (0.01) | Ref. | 20.8 (0.01) | 19.4 (0.01) | 1.07 | |
| Ovum donor | 27.9 (0.16) | 1.39 | 28.6 (0.23) | 27.3 (0.22) | 1.05 | 0.33 |
hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin.
a
All P-values for differences with referent group are <0.0001.