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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 30.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2015 Jul 14;34(27):3590–3605. doi: 10.1002/sim.6577

Table 7.

Estimates of attenuation factors and correlations with truth for the time-varying and fixed-intake models without covariates (standard errors in parentheses): protein density intake among women

Time-varying intake model Fixed-intake model

Instrument Study Attenuation Factor Correlation with Truth Attenuation Factor Correlation with Truth
FFQa 1 0.370 (0.094) 0.396 (0.097) 0.330 (0.082) 0.362 (0.085)
2 0.509 (0.095) 0.535 (0.098) 0.398 (0.081) 0.428 (0.079)
3 0.454 (0.100) 0.408 (0.086) 0.470 (0.098) 0.355 (0.069)
4 0.442 (0.061) 0.476 (0.065) 0.417 (0.056) 0.532 (0.072)
5 0.426 (0.076) 0.428 (0.074) 0.375 (0.068) 0.430 (0.074)
Weighted Mean 0.439 (0.036) 0.450 (0.039) 0.396 (0.033) 0.422 (0.035)
pd 0.890 0.805 0.836 0.420
1 × 24HRb 1 0.164 (0.051) 0.240 (0.073) 0.156 (0.045) 0.235 (0.068)
2 0.179 (0.040) 0.245 (0.052) 0.232 (0.047) 0.327 (0.057)
3 0.205 (0.037) 0.279 (0.046) 0.356 (0.040) 0.405 (0.045)
4 0.173 (0.055) 0.278 (0.089) 0.215 (0.057) 0.411 (0.102)
5 0.186 (0.032) 0.270 (0.046) 0.226 (0.035) 0.375 (0.052)
Weighted Mean 0.184 (0.021) 0.263 (0.031) 0.235 (0.020) 0.356 (0.027)
p 0.955 0.970 0.055 0.279
4 × 24HRc 1 0.367 (0.094) 0.359 (0.096) 0.387 (0.118) 0.369 (0.104)
2 0.370 (0.077) 0.353 (0.069) 0.497 (0.091) 0.479 (0.078)
3 0.433 (0.073) 0.405 (0.063) 0.789 (0.099) 0.604 (0.061)
4 0.344 (0.095) 0.392 (0.113) 0.459 (0.117) 0.600 (0.143)
5 0.387 (0.057) 0.390 (0.060) 0.505 (0.072) 0.561 (0.074)
Weighted Mean 0.384 (0.041) 0.382 (0.043) 0.534 (0.042) 0.537 (0.037)
p 0.914 0.961 0.063 0.325
a

Food frequency questionnaire

b

Single 24-hour recall

c

Average of 4 repeats of a 24-hour recall

d

p-value for heterogeneity across studies