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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2015 Sep 7;86(6):1673–1684. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12418

Table 1.

Demographic Information of Participants in the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC; experimental intervention) Group, Developmental Education for Families (DEF; control intervention) Group, and Low-risk Comparison Group.

Variable CPS-Referred
Low-Risk Comparison (n = 30)
ABC (n = 19) DEF (n = 21)


n % n % n %
Mother ethnicity
 African American 14 74% 17 81% 20 67%
 White 3 16% 1 5% 8 27%
 Hispanic -- 0% 3 14% 1 3%
 Biracial 2 11% -- 0% -- 0%
 Asian -- 0% -- 0% 1 3%
Mother education
 Less than high school 11 58% 6 29% 1 3%
 High school 6 32% 13 62% 11 37%
 Some college 2 10% 2 9% 5 17%
 College graduate -- 0% -- 0% 13 43%
Child gender
 Male 14 74% 13 62% 11 37%
 Female 5 26% 8 38% 19 63%
Mean (SD) Min – Max Mean (SD) Min – Max Mean (SD) Min – Max

Household income $18,820 (16,637) $3,816– 60,000 $10,885 (7,389) $3,762– $30,000 $63,510 (52,245) $2,400– $200,000
Mother age (in years) 32.1 (7.8) 21.0–49.0 29.3 (7.2) 19.8–43.8 32.8 (6.1) 23.4–44.0
Child age (in years) 4.94 (0.60) 4.12–6.13 4.83 (0.56) 3.99–6.20 5.04 (0.59) 4.21–6.52

Note: CPS = Child Protective Services