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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 30.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Rep. 2015 Oct 17;13(4):760–770. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.036

Figure 1. 2-DG combined with Metformin inhibits T cell response through suppression of glycolysis.

Figure 1

(A and B) ECAR and OCR of resting CD4+ cells measured in real time under basal conditions and in response to anti-CD3/CD28/cross-linking IgG1 (anti-CD3, 2 μg/ml; anti-CD28, 2 μg/ml; cross-linking IgG1, 1 μg/ml) with or without the presence of individual or combination of drugs (2-DG, 10 mM; Metformin, 50 mM). Bar graphs display data of ECAR and OCR measured at the endpoint of the experiment (205 min). Data are shown as mean ± SEM of 5 measurements. (C and D) Naïve splenocytes labeled with cell proliferation dye eFluor 670 were stimulated with anti-CD3 in in the presence of media control, 2-DG alone, metformin alone or 2-DG + metformin (2-DG, 0.6mM; Metformin, 1mM). (C) 24-hour IFN-γ secretion to supernatants was interrogated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data are shown as mean ± SEM of three independent samples. (D) 72-hour eFluor dilution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. n.s., not significant, *p<0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 (Student’s t test). Data are representative of at least two independent experiments.