Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of treated and control subjects in original sample.
| Variable | Beta‐blocker: No (N=2929) | Beta‐blocker: Yes (N=6178) | Standardized difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age | 69.6 ± 13.5 | 65 ± 13.3 | −34.1 |
| Female | 1144 (39.1%) | 1984 (32.1%) | −14.5 |
| Presenting signs and symptoms | |||
| Cardiogenic shock | 26 (0.9%) | 32 (0.5%) | −4.4 |
| Acute congestive heart failure (CHF)/pulmonary edema | 214 (7.3%) | 224 (3.6%) | −16.2 |
| Classic cardiac risk factors | |||
| Diabetes | 842 (28.7%) | 1494 (24.2%) | −10.4 |
| Current smoker | 916 (31.3%) | 2158 (34.9%) | 7.8 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 767 (26.2%) | 2132 (34.5%) | 18.2 |
| Hypertension | 1343 (45.9%) | 2793 (45.2%) | −1.3 |
| Family history of coronary artery disease | 745 (25.4%) | 2195 (35.5%) | 22.1 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| Cerebrovascular disease/transient ischemic attack (CVA/TIA) | 354 (12.1%) | 493 (8%) | −13.7 |
| Angina | 975 (33.3%) | 1982 (32.1%) | −2.6 |
| Cancer | 110 (3.8%) | 154 (2.5%) | −7.3 |
| Congestive heart failure (CHF) | 189 (6.5%) | 177 (2.9%) | −17.1 |
| Renal disease | 21 (0.7%) | 26 (0.4%) | −3.9 |
| Vital signs on admission | |||
| Systolic blood pressure | 146.8 ± 31.4 | 149.9 ± 30.9 | 10.2 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 81.8 ± 18.6 | 84.9 ± 18.3 | 17.3 |
| Heart rate | 86.9 ± 25.9 | 82.1 ± 22.7 | −19.9 |
| Respiratory rate | 22.2 ± 6.5 | 20.3 ± 4.8 | −33.2 |
| Laboratory tests | |||
| Glucose | 9.8 ± 5.2 | 9.2 ± 5.2 | −11.8 |
| White blood count | 10.6 ± 5.5 | 10 ± 4.3 | −12.4 |
| Hemoglobin | 135.2 ± 20 | 140.2 ± 17.7 | 26.1 |
| Sodium | 138.7 ± 4.2 | 139.2 ± 3.5 | 10.8 |
| Potassium | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | −12.5 |
| Creatinine | 114.2 ± 77.4 | 98.8 ± 50.3 | −23.5 |
Note: Continuous variables are represented as mean ± standard deviation, while dichotomous variables are represented as N (%).