Table 2. List of cultivable Actinobacteria isolated from marine and littoral lichens.
| Strains | Media | Top HitsNCBI | Scores | Identity (%) | Strains and Origin | Description | Production of metabolites |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOLA1487MOLA1509 | AIAAIA | NR116119.1 | 1548 | 100 | Strain YIM60513T Endophyte of Gloriosa superba | Saccharopolyspora gloriosae | NF |
| MOLA1503MOLA1508 | AIAAIA | HQ113380.1 NR037048.1 AB013920.1 | 1493 | 99 | Strains JCM10270T*; Kitami A1*, DD4 digestive tract of Daphnia magna ; wastewater of a sugar-beet factory | Microbacterium kitamiense (Microbacterium aurantiacum) | *Exopolysaccharides62 |
| MOLA1515MOLA1570 | AIAMA | EF672652.1 | 1391 1408 | 97 | Strain AR33 rhizosphere of heavy metal accumulating willow trees | Agromyce ssp. (Agromyces terreus) | NF |
| MOLA1512MOLA1526MOLA1527MOLA1528MOLA1533MOLA1534MOLA1536MOLA1554MOLA1555MOLA1574MOLA1585MOLA1592MOLA1595MOLA1602MOLA1616 | AIAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAAIAAIAMAAIAAIA | AB695377. NR114322.1 | 1448–1511 | 99 | Strains H97-3T, H83-5, isolated from sea sediment | Sediminihabitans luteus | NF |
| MOLA1486 | AIA | KJ627769.1 KC768764.1 FR744933.1 AB330407.1 | 1531 | 100 | Strains JI2, Iso-74, BAM270, CC0524 oil filed water, water treatment sand filter, soil, Baltic sea | Microbacterium oxydans Microbacterium sp. (Microbacterium foliorum†) | †Volatile sulfur and non-sulfur compounds (Str. C45)63 |
| MOLA1420MOLA1421MOLA1427MOLA1488MOLA1493MOLA1578MOLA1596MOLA1615MOLA1611MOLA1612MOLA1614 | MAMAAIAAIAAIAAIAAIAAIAAIAAIAAIA | HG965212.1 KJ676478.1 JX013966.1 | 1489–1543 | 99–100 | Strains M27*, NEAE-42, sj32 Intertidal seaweed Fucus spiralis, soil | Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus Streptomyces cavourensis Streptomyces flavolimosum (Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus) | *daunomycin, *cosmomycin B *galtamycin B *maltophilin64 |
| MOLA1492 | AIA | JX173791.1 | 1522 | 100 | Strain TRM46621 “salty beach”, Xinjiang | Streptomyces sp. (Streptomyces carpaticus) | NF |
| MOLA1491 | AIA | KM978822.1 | 1515 | 99 | Strain AHT-1 River sediment | Kocuria rhizophila | NF |
| MOLA1490MOLA1450 | AIAMA | FJ015034.1 | 1480 | 99 | Strain M52-4.1 turbot larval rearing unit, tank surface | Micrococcus sp. (Micrococcus luteus*) | *Lutoside (unnamed strain)65 *[3H]-Indole acetic acid (unnamed strain)66 |
| MOLA1489 | AIA | KF591409.1 | 1230 | 99 | Strain PK3 bark of ginkgo | Arthrobacter sp.(Tersicoccus phoenicis) | NF |
| MOLA1484 | AIA | JQ924405.1 | 1500 | 100 | Strain CGMCC 4.1782T Potato spot | Streptomyces praecox (Streptomyces setonii†) | Diketopiperazines (Str. 291–11)67 †FR10961568 †16-Deethylindanomycin69 †5-Hydroxymethylblasticidin S and blasticidin S (Culture A83094)70 |
| MOLA1447 | MA | NR_114323.1 | 1472 | 99 | Strain H25-14T Sea sediment | Paraoerskovia sediminicola | NF |
| MOLA1519MOLA1520MOLA1544MOLA1553MOLA1561MOLA1572MOLA1573 | MAMAMAMAMAMAMA | JQ716239.1 | 1430–1452 | 98 | Strain BJGMM-B34 Soil samples from the Yellow River Delta | Cellulosimicrobium sp. (Cellulosimicrobium terreum) | NF |
| MOLA1521MOLA1522MOLA1523MOLA1599 | MAMAMAMA | AB461094.1 | 1380–1404 | 97 | Strain IK2_56P soybean stem | Nocardioidaceae bacterium (Nocardioides mesophilus) | NF |
| MOLA 1448 MOLA1433MOLA1434MOLA1446 | MAMAMAMA | DQ448721.1 | 1454–1461 | 98 | Strain CNJ872 PL04 marine sediment | Marmoricola sp. (Marmoricola aequoreus) | NF |
| MOLA1418MOLA1445 | MAMA | KJ843153.1 | 1504–1548 | 100 | Strain VL-80 onion waste | Micrococcus luteus* (Micrococcus aloeverae) | *Lutoside (unnamed strain)65 * [3H]-Indole acetic acid (unnamed strain)66 |
| MOLA1444MOLA1565 | MAMA | KM817772.1 | 1450–1489 | 99 | Strain SKCB-14 sorghum | Brevibacterium sp. (Brevibacterium epidermidis) | NF |
| MOLA1441MOLA1513 | MAAIA | NR_116877.1 | 1341 | 95 | Strain BZ41T isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil | Agromyces bauzanensis (Agromyces terreus) | NF |
| MOLA1435 | MA | HQ677231.1 | 1504 | 99 | Strain A-08 in larval culture of Argopecten purpuratus | Brevibacterium sp. (Brevibacterium picturae) | NF |
| MOLA1425MOLA1405 | MAAIA | LN626361.1 | 1531 | 100 | Strain M-26 Fucusspiralis(host) | Streptomyces albidoflavus† | †Albaflavenone (Str. DSM 5415)71†Antimycin A18 (Str. I07A–01824)72 †Dibutylphthalate (str MTCC 3662)73 |
| MOLA1408 | AIA | KF848947.1 | 1522 | 100 | Strain FZ3 hazelnut husk waste | Streptomyces sp. (Streptomyces rubiginosohelvolus†) | †Rubomycin74 |
| MOLA1407 | AIA | HM584291.1 | 1535 | 100 | Strain CJ-G-TSA6 isolated from internal organs of edible snow crabs (Chionocetes japonicus) | Agreia sp. (Salinibacterium amurskyense) | NF |
| MOLA1406 | AIA | KM678243.1 | 1522 | 100 | Strain B035 sediment from Lake Michigan | Streptomyces flavogriseus †(Streptomyces anulatus †§) | † Bromoxantholipin (Str. SIIA-A02191)75 Clavulanic acid (Str. ATCC 33331)76 §valinomycin, montanastatin77 (Str. Montana, Str. Malaysia) † telomestatin (Str. 3533-SV4)78 †phenazine-1-carboxylic acid , endophenazines A-D (Str. 9663)79 (trimethylglucosaminium)chitotriomycin (Str NBRC 13369)80 † Glutarimide derivative81 †Dihydroabikoviromycin82 |
| MOLA1548 | MA | AJ296094.1 | 1395 | 97 | Strain OS-6 isolated from coastal marsh | Microbacterium sp. (Microbacterium murale) | NF |
| MOLA1545 | MA | AB376081.1 | 1531 | 100 | Strain YT0066 “environmental samples” | Microbacterium sp. (Microbacterium pumilum) | NF |
| MOLA1538 | MA | JF274912.1 | 1404 | 97 | Strain PL34a1_S1 olive-mill wastewater | Aeromicrobium sp. (Aeromicrobium tamlense) | NF |
| MOLA1530 | MA | AF544638.1 | 1509 | 99 | Strain VM0587 PAH-contaminated soil | Mycobacterium vaccae § (Mycobacterium vanbaalenii) | § Poly-α-(1- > 4)-3-O-methyl-D-mannopyranose (Str. ATCC 15483)83 |
| MOLA1524MOLA1525 | MAMA | FR682685.1 | 1504 | 99 | Strain R-36360 soil | Microbacterium sp. (Microbacterium invictum) | NF |
| MOLA1516 | MA | NR_112842.1 | 1502 | 99 | Strain Sp080513SC-30T* marine sponge Haliclona sp. | Streptomyces tateyamensis | *JBIR-10784 |
| MOLA1597 | AIA | NR_043931.1 | 1489 | 99 | Strain UMS-62 rhizospheric soil of Aliumvictorialis var. platyphyllum | Agromyces allii (Agromyces terreus) | NF |
| MOLA1593 | AIA | JX949623.1 | 1312 | 97 | Strain MDT1-31-2 glacier | Gordonia sp. (Gordonia hankookensis) | NF |
| MOLA1590 | AIA | KF561998.1 | 1539 | 100 | Strain M7ER1 Sunflower | Microbacterium sp. (Microbacterium paraoxydans) | NF |
| MOLA1589 | AIA | HE716916.1 | 1537 | 100 | StrainJSM-04 Miscanthus sp. | Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens | § Carotenoid glycosides Cp. 450, C-460, Cp473 (Str. DSM 20149)85 |
| MOLA1588 | AIA | KJ855063.1 | 1275 | 98 | Strain QIA-38 (Bos taurus coreanae | Mycobacterium sp. (Mycobacterium flavescens) | NF |
| MOLA1584MOLA1594 | AIAAIA | EU584521.1 | 1487 | 100 | Strain Everest-gws-50 glacial meltwater (Mount Everest) | Microbacterium sp. (Microbacterium kitamiense*) | *Exopolysaccharides62 |
| MOLA1583MOLA1591MOLA1587MOLA1586 | AIAAIAAIAAIA | NR_104507.1 | 1517 | 99 | Strain ON-33T soil around a wastewater treatment | Gordonia hankookensis | NF |
| MOLA1582MOLA1531 | AIAMA | EU741242.1 | 1454 | 99 | Strain 13679F Marine beach sand | Gordonia sp. (Gordonia defluvii) | NF |
| MOLA1580 | AIA | KC355272.1 | 1524 | 99 | Strain KUDC1765 Rhizosphere Elymus tsukushiensis | Isoptericola variabilis (Isoptericola nanjingensis) | NF |
| MOLA1579 | AIA | FR837628.1 | 1507 | 99 | Strain 5-4-1 oligotrophic peat soil | Streptomyces beijiangensis (Streptomyces brevispora) | NF |
| MOLA1537MOLA1546MOLA1549MOLA1558MOLA1559MOLA1563MOLA1576 | MAMAMAMAMAMAMA | NR_112793.1 NR_114324.1 | 1459 1478 | 98 99 | CTT-37T = NBRC 104352T sea sediment | Paraoerskovia marina (Sediminihabitans luteus Paraoerskovia sediminicola) | NF |
| MOLA1575MOLA1608 | MAMA | AY159888.1 | 1535 | 99 | Strain 98TH11321 biofilm forming marine bacteria on glass surface in Dae-Ho Dike (Korea) | Micrococcus sp. (Micrococcus yunnanensis†) | † Carotenoids Sarcinaxanthin, Sarcinaxanthin Monoglucoside, Sarcinaxanthin Diglucoside86 |
| MOLA1569 | MA | HQ219671.1 | 1541 | 100 | Strain AP01 soil | “Bacterium” (Brevibacterium epidermidis) | NF |
| MOLA1567MOLA1566MOLA1564 | MAMAMA | AB646581.2 | 1443 | 98 | Strain SL10 polluted tropical soil | Microbacterium sp. (Microbacterium oleivorans) | NF |
| MOLA1562 | MA | AB563787.1 | 1454 | 98 | Strain JCM 9634 Soil, Hyogo Pref., Japan | Microbacterium sp. (Microbacterium suwonense) | NF |
| MOLA1560 | MA | NR 114323.1 | 1474 | 99 | Strain H25-14T sea sediment | Paraoerskovia sediminicola | NF |
| MOLA1557 | MA | DQ180951.1 | 1461 | 99 | Strain MI-59a Kartchner Caverns in Benson | Nocardioides sp. (Mumia flava) | NF |
| MOLA1556MOLA1550MOLA1541MOLA1571 | MAMAMAMA | NR_042708.1 | 1526 | 99 | Strain DC-200T homemade compost | Microbacterium invictum | NF |
| MOLA1517MOLA1518MOLA1532MOLA1605 | MAMAMAAIA | KC355274.1 | 1509 | 99 | Strain KUDC1767 rhizosphere | Isoptericola variabilis (Isoptericola nanjingensis) | NF |
| MOLA1603 | AIA | EU908199.1 | 1513 | 99 | Strain MS218 deep sea mud in South China sea | Streptomyces sp. (Streptomyces drozdowiczii§) | § Marformycins A-F (str. SCSIO 10141)87 |
| MOLA1601MOLA1598 | AIAMA | NR_044184.1 | 1537 | 99 | Strain DS-10T soil | Agromyces terreus | NF |
| MOLA1600MOLA1610 | AIAAIA | EU876699.1 | 1528 | 99 | Strain M2004 rhizosphere soil | Streptomyces sp. (Streptomyces atroolivaceus†§) | † Leinamycin (Strain sv)88 † Mikamycin A (strain S140)88 § Berninamycins A and E (strain NBRC 12741T)89 |
| MOLA1606 | MA | KC213957.1 | 1358 | 98 | Strain S_S_TSA_8 roach gut | Microbacterium pumilum (Microbacterium saccharophilum) | NF |
| MOLA1617 | AIA | KP170480.1 | 1221 | 99 | Strain VLK-10 soil | Streptomyces albiaxialis | NF |
| MOLA1568 | MA | DQ448693.1 | 1531 | 100 | Strain CNJ737 marine sediment | Brevibacterium sp (Brevibacterium epidermidis) | NF |
| MOLA1607 | AIA | JN896615.1 | 1544 | 99 | Strain FMN08 ND | Nocardioides sp. (Nocardioides albus§†) | § Teichoic acid (strain VKM Ac-805(T))90 † Leucylblaticidin, Rodaplutin (Strains DSM 3176, DSM 3177)91 |
Strains: strains from the MOLA collection of microorganisms (WDCM911); Media: MA (marine agar) and AIA (Actinomycete Isolation Agar); Top Hits NCBI: accession number of NCBI sequences with top blastn scores; Scores (NCBI blastn scores); description: NCBI description and in parenthesis top EZTaxon type species hit whenever different (see also table S1); Production of metabolites. Description based on literature searches (Web of Science, http://apps.webofknowledge.com) or queries against the Natural Products in the REAXYS (http://www.reaxys.com) databases. Strains shaded in grey had highest hits to strains previously recovered from marine environments. ND: not determinated and NF: not found. *correspondence between metabolite and strain †found in a strain without a 16S rRNA sequence; § found in a strain with a different 16S rRNA sequence than the top NCBI hit; ¶ found in a different strain with identical 16S rRNA sequence than the top NCBI hit.