Figure 1. Phenotypes of the knock-out mutants of PARP and PARG genes in Arabidopsis.

(A) 1/2 MS plate. (B) 1/2 MS plate with 50 μg ml⁻¹ bleomycin. (C) 1/2 MS plate with 100 μg ml⁻¹ MMS. The seedlings were photographed after grown for two weeks. (D) Comparison of the yellow/green seedling numbers of each mutant grown on bleomycin plates. (E) Fresh weight per 10 seedlings of each mutant grown on MMS plates. All experiments were done for at least three times and similar results were obtained. The data were presented as means of three replicates ± SE. Significant differences (t-test) compared to Col-0 under the same conditions are indicated by asterisks: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.