. 2015 Sep;12(9):1278–1287. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201505-279PS

Table 4.

Potential applications of metabolomics for the diagnosis and management of mycobacterial infections

	Metabolites	Sample	Method (Ref. No.)
Early diagnosis	d-Alanine–d-alanine ligase	Mycobacterial culture	NMR (63)
Early diagnosis	Mycocerosic acid methyl esters	Sputum	GC/MS (43)
Latent vs. active TB	3D,7D,11D-Phytanic acid, behenic acid, and threoninyl-γ-glutamate	Serum	UPLC-MS (49)
Latent vs. active TB	Trehalose-6-mycolate, phosphatidylinositol, and the D-series resolvins	Plasma	LC-MS/MS (47)
Distinguishing pathogens from nonpathogenic mycobacteria	Triacylglycerol, acylated trehaloses, mycocerosic acid	Bacterial culture	2D HSQC NMR (39)
Distinguishing pathogens from nonpathogenic mycobacteria	Phthiocerol dimycocerosate and sulfolipid-1	Bacterial culture	FT-ICR-MS (38)
Treatment response	p-Aminobenzoic acid, pyridoxal/isopyridoxal, formimino-l-glutamic acid, l-α-aspartyl-l-hydroxyproline, N¹,N¹²-diethylspermine	Urine	LC-MS (59)

Definition of abbreviations: 2D HSQC = two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum coherence; FT-ICR-MS = Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry; GC/MS = gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS = liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy; NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance; TB = tuberculosis; UPLC-MS = ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.