Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants (n = 185).
| Variables | Median | P25 to P75 |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55.65 | 49.30 to 62.21 |
| YOR (years) | 45.50 | 31.00 to 56.00 |
| BMI | 21.50 | 19.90 to 24.78 |
| U-cre (g/L) | 0.82 | 0.51 to 1.19 |
| U-Cd (μg/L) * | 2.25 | 1.20 to 5.10 |
| NAG (U/L) * | 5.10 | 3.30 to 7.25 |
| ALP (U/L) * | 4.00 | 2.00 to 6.00 |
| GGT (U/L) * | 20.00 | 11.50 to 29.00 |
| α1-MG (mg/L) * | 0.31 | 0.07 to 6.49 |
| β2-MG (mg/L) * | 0.11 | 0.07 to 0.28 |
| MT (μg/L) * | 3.03 | 1.69 to 5.14 |
| KIM-1 (ng/L) * | 62.74 | 57.89 to 67.43 |
| RBP (mg/L) * | 0.07 | 0.07 to 0.14 |
| AB (mg/L) * | 2.86 | 0.46 to 7.03 |
AB, albumin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BMI, body mass index; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; MT, metallothionein; NAG, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; RBP, retinol binding protein; U-Cd, urinary cadmium; U-cre, urinary creatinine; YOR, years of residence; α1-MG, α1-microglobulin; β2-MG, β2-microglobulin. * Metals and biomarkers in urine were observed values.