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. 2015 Sep 29;12(10):12247–12263. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121012247

Table 3.

Attributed causes of nipple pain (n = 264 cases).

Attributed Cause(s) n Attributed Cause(s) n
pa.ank 22 pa.ank.ims.nip 2
pa.ank.hap 21 pa.ank.mas 2
pa.ank.ims.inf.hap 19 pa.ank.nip.inf 2
pa 18 pa.ank.nip.inf.hap 2
pa.inf 18 pa.ank.vas.hap 2
pa.ank.ims 12 ank.ims.hap 2
pa.ank.inf.hap 11 ank.inf.hap 2
pa.ank.ims.hap 10 ims.inf 1
pa.ank.ims.inf 10 nip 1
pa.ank.inf 10 pa.ims.nip.hap 1
pa.ims 7 pa.ims.nip.inf.hap 1
pa.ank.mas.inf 7 pa.ims.nip.vas.hap 1
inf 4 pa.nip.inf.hap 1
pa.hap 4 pa.nip.mas 1
pa.ims.hap 4 pa.nip.mas.inf 1
pa.ank.ims.nip.inf.hap 4 pa.ank.ims.inf.vas.hap 1
pa.ank.nip.hap 4 pa.ank.ims.mas.inf.vas 1
pa.ims.inf 3 pa.ank.ims.mas.vas.hap 1
pa.ims.inf.hap 3 pa.ank.ims.nip.inf 1
pa.inf.hap 3 pa.ank.ims.nip.inf.vas.hap 1
pa.nip 3 pa.ank.ims.vas.hap 1
pa.ank.ims.inf.vas 3 pa.ank.nip.mas.hap 1
pa.ank.ims.mas.hap 3 pa.ank.nip.vas 1
pa.ank.mas.inf.hap 3 ank.ims 1
ank 3 ank.ims.inf.hap 1
ims 2 ank.ims.mas 1
hap 2 ank.ims.mas.hap 1
pa.vas 2 ank.inf 1
pa.ims.nip.inf 2 ank.mas 1
pa.mas.inf 2 ank.mas.hap 1
pa.mas.inf.hap 2 ank.nip.hap 1
pa.ank.ims.mas.inf 2 ank.nip.inf.hap 1
pa.ank.ims.mas.inf.hap 2

ank, ankyloglossia; hap, palatal anomaly (bubble or high arched palate); ims, insufficient milk supply; inf, infection; mas, mastitis; nip, flat or inverted nipples; pa, incorrect positioning and attachment; vas, vasospasm.