. 2015 Sep 30;12(10):12304–12323. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121012304

Table 4.

Example studies showing effects of anthropogenic noise on the population distribution and abundance of marine organisms.

Species	Types of Anthropogenic Noise	Effects	References
Z. cavirostris	Sonar	causes mass strandings	Frantzis, 1998 [68]
A. dux	seismic air-gun shooting	causes mass strandings	Guerra et al., 2011 [53]
O. orca	high-amplitude acoustic harassment devices	induces emigration	Morton, 2002 [73]
P. phocoena	pile driving noise	induces emigration	Thompson et al., 2010 [75]
T. truncatus	pile driving noise	induces emigration	Thompson et al., 2010 [75]
C. harengus,	seismic air-gun shooting	induces emigration	Slotte et al., 2004 [4]
M. poutassou	seismic air-gun shooting	induces emigration	Slotte et al., 2004 [4]
P. phocoena	wind farm noise	induces emigration and alters vertical distribution	Carstensen et al., 2006 [74]
G. flavescens	wind farm noise	no detectable effects on community structure and biodiversity	Wilhelmsson et al., 2006 [78]
P. minutus
P. microps
T. bubalis
M. scorpius
S. goodie	seismic air-gun shooting	decreases catch rate	Skalski et al., 1992 [43]; Løkkeborg et al., 1993 [36]; Engås et al., 1996 [41]
S. paucispinis
S. chlorostictus
G. morhua
M. aeglefinus
P. virens	boating and shipping noise	decreases catch rate	Engås, 1994 [40]
M. aeglefinus	experimental noise emanating device	decreases catch rate	Nicholson et al., 1992 [42]
P. cygnus	seismic air-gun shooting	no detectable effect on catch rate	Parry and Gason, 2006 [77]
P. novaezelandiae	experimental noise emanating device	decreases population recruitment	Aguilar de Soto et al., 2013 [39]
A. crassa	tidal turbine and wind turbine noise	decreases population recruitment	Pine et al., 2012 [80]
H. crenulatus	tidal turbine and wind turbine noise	decreases population recruitment	Pine et al., 2012 [80]
C. crangon	experimental noise emanating device	decreases reproduction rates	Lagardère, 1982 [35]
M. magister	seismic air-gun shooting	no detectable effect on larval survival	Pearson et al., 1994 [79]
Z. cavirostris	naval sonar	mass strandings	Cox, et al., 2006 [70]
M. densirostris
M. europaeus
Z. cavirostris	naval sonar	mass strandings	Fernández, et al., 2005 [71]
M. densirostris
M. europaeus
Z. cavirostris	naval sonar	mass strandings	Jepson, et al., 2003 [72]
M. densirostris
M. europaeus
L. kempii	Underwater explosives	mass strandings	Klima et al., 1988 [69]
T. truncates
C. caretta