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. 2015 Oct 30;6:931. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00931

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Copyright © 2015 Stø, Orr, Fooyontphanich, Jin, Knutsen, Fischer, Tranbarger, Nordal and Aalen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Modes of abscission. (A) Abscission of (a) sepals, (b) petals, (c) stamen, and (d) carpels. (B) Abscission of leaves at the axil of the pedicel, and abscission of entire male inflorescence (catkin) in Populus spp. (C) Opening of valves in dehiscence zones of dry many-seeded capsules, and abscission of individual seeds. (D) Abscission of fleshy fruits at AZ on pedicel. (E) The oil palm drupe fruit are tightly arranged within spikelets and abscise one by one when ripe. (A–D) Image courtesy the private collection of Roy Winkelman. First published in Gray (1858) and Foster (1921). (E) Image courtesy Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.botanicus.org.