Table 1.
Rates of all-cause pneumonia among healthy, at-risk, and high-risk children
| All-Cause Pneumonia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Person-Years | Age <5 Years | Age 5–17 Years | ||||
| Age | Age | Rate | Rate Ratiosa | Rate | Rate Ratiosa | |
| <5 Years | 5-17 Years | per 100 K | (95 % CI) | per 100 K | (95 % CI) | |
| Risk Group | ||||||
| Healthy | 360,184 | 1,318,738 | 3,779 | 1.0 | 730 | 1.0 |
| At-Risk | 129,895 | 310,546 | 6,555 | 1.7 (1.7, 1.8) | 1,734 | 2.4 (2.3, 2.5) |
| Chronic heart disease | 15,181 | 19,899 | 7,813 | 2.1 (2.0, 2.1) | 2,055 | 2.8 (2.7, 2.9) |
| Chronic lung disease | 88,323 | 169,241 | 6,539 | 1.7 (1.7, 1.8) | 1,836 | 2.5 (2.4, 2.6) |
| Diabetes | 680 | 5,595 | 5,886 | 1.6 (1.5, 1.6) | 1,734 | 2.4 (2.3, 2.5) |
| Asthma | 29,737 | 134,188 | 8,986 | 2.4 (2.3, 2.4) | 1,994 | 2.7 (2.6, 2.9) |
| Alcoholism | 0 | 2,092 | 0 | 0.0 (----) | 813 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) |
| Chronic liver disease | 241 | 2,074 | 14,099 | 3.7 (3.7, 3.8) | 2,941 | 4.0 (3.9, 4.2) |
| Smokers | 0 | 530 | 0 | 0.0 (----) | 1,321 | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) |
| Down's syndrome | 473 | 1,318 | 14,579 | 3.9 (3.8, 3.9) | 4,022 | 5.5 (5.3, 5.7) |
| Neuromuscular/seizure disorder | 9,075 | 18,219 | 7,570 | 2.0 (2.0, 2.0) | 2,898 | 4.0 (3.8, 4.1) |
| Short gestation/low birthweight | 10,311 | 32 | 8,719 | 2.3 (2.3, 2.4) | 6,250 | 8.6 (8.4, 8.8) |
| Rheumatoid | 67 | 1,250 | 10,448 | 2.8 (2.7, 2.8) | 960 | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 8 | 358 | 0 | 0.0 (----) | 280 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.4) |
| Lupus | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0.0 (----) | 0 | 0.0 (----) |
| Crohn's | 59 | 841 | 11,865 | 3.1 (3.1, 3.2) | 1,307 | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) |
| High-Risk | 17,704 | 45,383 | 6,914 | 1.8 (1.8, 1.9) | 2,131 | 2.9 (2.8, 3.0) |
| Cochlear implant | 1,134 | 2,684 | 5,907 | 1.6 (1.5, 1.6) | 2,906 | 4.0 (3.8, 4.1) |
| Functional/anatomic asplenia | 850 | 2,347 | 9,175 | 2.4 (2.4, 2.5) | 2,983 | 4.1 (3.9, 4.2) |
| HIV | 318 | 1,287 | 3,769 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 1,710 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.5) |
| Chronic renal failure | 1,127 | 4,579 | 12,778 | 3.4 (3.3, 3.4) | 3,036 | 4.2 (4.0, 4.3) |
| Immunosuppressants | 905 | 4,893 | 9,720 | 2.6 (2.5, 2.6) | 1,696 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) |
| Malignant neoplasms | 854 | 4,669 | 7,263 | 1.9 (1.9, 2.0) | 1,328 | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) |
| Solid organ transplantation | 76 | 326 | 34,354 | 9.1 (9.0, 9.2) | 6,441 | 8.8 (8.6, 9.0) |
| Congenital immunodeficiency | 13,227 | 29,420 | 6,328 | 1.7 (1.6, 1.7) | 2,094 | 2.9 (2.7, 3.0) |
| Diseases of white blood cells | 683 | 1,468 | 11,267 | 3.0 (2.9, 3.0) | 2,247 | 3.1 (3.0, 3.2) |
aRelative to healthy counterparts