Table 2.
Rates of all-cause pneumonia among healthy, at-risk, and high-risk adults
| All-Cause Pneumonia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Person-Years | Age 18–49 Years | Age 50–59 Years | Age ≥60 Years | ||||||
| Age | Age | Age | Rate | Rate Ratiosa | Rate | Rate Ratiosa | Rate | Rate Ratiosa | |
| 18-49 Years | 50-59 Years | ≥60 Years | per 100 K | (95 % CI) | per 100 K | (95 % CI) | per 100 K | (95 % CI) | |
| Risk Group | |||||||||
| Healthy | 4,334,344 | 1,194,431 | 1,308,873 | 441 | 684 | 1,439 | |||
| At-Risk | 1,197,718 | 648,276 | 1,575,635 | 975 | 2.2 (2.1, 2.4) | 1,554 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) | 3,547 | 2.5 (2.4, 2.5) |
| Chronic heart disease | 116,350 | 145,449 | 703,271 | 1,147 | 2.6 (2.5, 2.8) | 1,780 | 2.6 (2.5, 2.7) | 4,451 | 3.1 (3.0, 3.2) |
| Chronic lung disease | 579,980 | 238,260 | 466,695 | 1,088 | 2.5 (2.3, 2.6) | 2,195 | 3.2 (3.1, 3.3) | 5,246 | 3.6 (3.5, 3.7) |
| Diabetes | 97,028 | 165,443 | 643,437 | 1,115 | 2.5 (2.4, 2.7) | 1,592 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) | 3,736 | 2.6 (2.5, 2.7) |
| Asthma | 323,267 | 102,513 | 165,056 | 1,112 | 2.5 (2.4, 2.7) | 2,314 | 3.4 (3.2, 3.5) | 4,621 | 3.2 (3.1, 3.3) |
| Alcoholism | 33,593 | 25,488 | 27,142 | 1,578 | 3.6 (3.4, 3.8) | 2,754 | 4.0 (3.9, 4.2) | 5,626 | 3.9 (3.8, 4.0) |
| Chronic liver disease | 154,804 | 154,616 | 321,444 | 1,015 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.5) | 1,419 | 2.1 (2.0, 2.2) | 2,861 | 2.0 (1.9, 2.1) |
| Smokers | 38,316 | 22,141 | 19,819 | 1,133 | 2.6 (2.4, 2.7) | 2,529 | 3.7 (3.6, 3.8) | 5,535 | 3.8 (3.7, 3.9) |
| Down's syndrome | 2,926 | 451 | 139 | 2,016 | 4.6 (4.4, 4.8) | 7,987 | 11.7 (11.4, 11.9) | 11,471 | 8.0 (7.8, 8.1) |
| Neuromuscular/seizure disorder | 49,368 | 18,445 | 36,733 | 1,669 | 3.8 (3.6, 4.0) | 2,483 | 3.6 (3.5, 3.8) | 6,711 | 4.7 (4.6, 4.8) |
| Short gestation/low birthweight | 1,607 | 0 | 4 | 622 | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) | 0 | 0.0 (----) | 0 | 00.0 (----) |
| Rheumatoid | 48,367 | 35,563 | 83,318 | 1,164 | 2.6 (2.5, 2.8) | 1,696 | 2.5 (2.4, 2.6) | 3,842 | 2.7 (2.6, 2.8) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 26,323 | 28,126 | 76,319 | 1,193 | 2.7 (2.6, 2.9) | 1,582 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) | 3,830 | 2.7 (2.6, 2.7) |
| Lupus | 1,624 | 794 | 1,028 | 2,402 | 5.5 (5.2, 5.7) | 3,777 | 5.5 (5.3, 5.7) | 5,640 | 3.9 (3.8, 4.0) |
| Crohn's | 21,202 | 7,128 | 6,633 | 990 | 2.2 (2.1, 2.4) | 1,796 | 2.6 (2.5, 2.7) | 3,317 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) |
| High-Risk | 181,558 | 132,436 | 630,789 | 1,411 | 3.2 (3.0, 3.4) | 2,559 | 3.7 (3.6, 3.9) | 5,852 | 4.1 (4.0, 4.2) |
| Cochlear implant | 719 | 542 | 2,787 | 1,669 | 3.8 (3.6, 4.0) | 2,768 | 4.0 (3.9, 4.2) | 4,629 | 3.2 (3.1, 3.3) |
| Functional/anatomic asplenia | 11,350 | 3,580 | 8,583 | 1,665 | 3.8 (3.6, 4.0) | 4,134 | 6.0 (5.9, 6.2) | 9,705 | 6.7 (6.6, 6.9) |
| HIV | 7,940 | 2,692 | 7,386 | 1,952 | 4.4 (4.2, 4.6) | 2,192 | 3.2 (3.1, 3.3) | 3,994 | 2.8 (2.7, 2.9) |
| Chronic renal failure | 38,170 | 36,522 | 266,953 | 1,776 | 4.0 (3.8, 4.2) | 3,313 | 4.8 (4.7, 5.0) | 8,114 | 5.6 (5.5, 5.8) |
| Immunosuppressants | 84,727 | 81,587 | 381,069 | 1,779 | 4.0 (3.9, 4.2) | 2,787 | 4.1 (3.9, 4.2) | 5,053 | 3.5 (3.4, 3.6) |
| Malignant neoplasms | 82,755 | 80,199 | 379,086 | 1,556 | 3.5 (3.4, 3.7) | 2,557 | 3.7 (3.6, 3.9) | 4,957 | 3.4 (3.4, 3.5) |
| Solid organ transplantation | 2,574 | 1,850 | 2,924 | 8,509 | 19.3 (18.9, 19.7) | 12,056 | 17.6 (17.3, 17.9) | 15,768 | 11.0 (10.8, 11.1) |
| Congenital immunodeficiency | 38,927 | 10,800 | 16,179 | 1,123 | 2.5 (2.4, 2.7) | 2,935 | 4.3 (4.1, 4.4) | 6,385 | 4.4 (4.3, 4.5) |
| Diseases of white blood cells | 9,468 | 5,779 | 13,734 | 1,986 | 4.5 (4.3, 4.7) | 3,063 | 4.5 (4.3, 4.6) | 6,407 | 4.5 (4.3, 4.6) |
aRelative to healthy counterparts