Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics of patients who received naloxone within 48 hours of discharge from anesthetic care and matched controls.
| Naloxone N = 134 | No Naloxone N = 268 | P‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.4 ± 14.7 | 64.6 ± 14.1 | ---- |
| Male sex | 56 (41.8) | 112 (41.8) | ---- |
| ASA physical status | 3 [2, 3] | 2 [2, 3] | 0.066 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.9 ± 6.8 | 27.6 ± 5.9 | 0.040 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 46 (34.3) | 64 (23.9) | 0.013 |
| Coronary artery disease | 33 | 45 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 7 | 11 | |
| Valvular disease | 4 | 5 | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 13 | 20 | |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 35 (26.1) | 32 (11.9) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary disease | 33 (24.6) | 37 (13.8) | 0.005 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma | 24 | 22 | |
| Use of home oxygen | 6 | 5 | |
| Other pulmonary disease* | 10 | 18 | |
| Neurologic disease | 22 (16.4) | 25 (9.3) | 0.034 |
| Stroke | 7 | 14 | |
| Dementia | 8 | 2 | |
| Movement disorders | 6 | 7 | |
| Malignancy | 40 (29.9) | 92 (34.3) | 0.203 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 32 (23.9) | 48 (17.9) | 0.146 |
| Preoperative chronic use of benzodiazepines | 20 (14.9) | 20 (7.5) | 0.023 |
| Preoperative chronic use of opioids | 32 (23.9) | 51 (19.0) | 0.229 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or number (percentage) as appropriate.
‡
P-value from conditional logistic regression taking into account the 1:2 matched set study design. P-values are not provided for age and sex since these were matching variables.
*
Pulmonary malignancy, severe restrictive lung disease, pulmonary hypertension.
Abbreviation: ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists