Table 2.
Univariate Associations Between Demographic, Smoking, and Health-Related Variables and Retention at Week 26
| Characteristic | Total (n = 430) | Completed week 26 (n = 324) | Did not complete week 26 (n = 106) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 44.35 (9.96) | 45.32 (9.58) | 41.38 (10.55) | <.001 |
| Male | 321 (74.7%) | 244 (75.3%) | 77 (72.6%) | .584 |
| Race | ||||
| African American/Black | 242 (56.3%) | 192 (59.3%) | 50 (47.2%) | .072 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 153 (35.6% | 109 (33.6%) | 44 (41.5%) | |
| Other race | 35 (8.1%) | 23 (7.1%) | 12 (11.3%) | |
| Monthly income | ||||
| <$400 | 293 (68.1%) | 219 (67.6%) | 74 (69.8%) | .579 |
| $400–799 | 87 (20.2%) | 69 (21.3%) | 18 (17.0%) | |
| ≥$800 | 50 (11.6%) | 36 (11.1%) | 14 (13.2%) | |
| Homelessness duration | ||||
| <6 months | 143 (33.3%) | 113 (35.0%) | 30 (28.3%) | .009 |
| 6–12 months | 72 (16.8%) | 44 (13.6%) | 28 (26.4%) | |
| ≥1 year | 214(49.9%) | 166 (51.4%) | 48 (45.3%) | |
| Homeless episodes in past 3 years | ||||
| 1 | 185 (43.2%) | 127 (39.4%) | 58 (54.7%) | .023 |
| 2 or 3 | 152 (35.5%) | 122 (37.9%) | 30 (28.3%) | |
| ≥4 | 91 (21.3%) | 73 (22.7%) | 18 (17.0%) | |
| Smoking characteristics | ||||
| Cigarettes smoked per day | 19.25 (13.73) | 19.04 (12.86) | 19.88 (16.18) | .628 |
| Time to 1st cigarette | ||||
| ≤30 min | 374 (87.0%) | 281 (86.7%) | 93 (87.7%) | .789 |
| >30 min | 56 (13.0%) | 43 (13.3%) | 13 (12.3%) | |
| Time of last quit attempt >24 hr | ||||
| Never quit before | 81 (19.7 %) | 62 (20.1%) | 19 (18.3%) | .725 |
| ≤12 months ago | 153 (37.1%) | 111 (36.0%) | 42 (40.4%) | |
| >12 months ago | 178 (43.2%) | 135 (43.8%) | 43 (41.3%) | |
| Importance of quitting (1–10 scale) | 9.07 (1.63) | 9.00 (1.69) | 9.27 (1.40) | .103 |
| Confidence to quit (1–10 scale) | 7.27 (2.43) | 7.28 (2.41) | 7.23 (2.52) | .851 |
| Physical and mental health | ||||
| Have healthcare coverage | ||||
| No | 77 (17.9%) | 55 (17.0%) | 22 (20.8%) | .378 |
| Self-rated heath | ||||
| Excellent/very good | 180 (42.1%) | 138 (42.9%) | 42 (39.6%) | .559 |
| Good/fair/poor | 248 (57.9%) | 184 (57.1%) | 64 (60.4%) | |
| PHQ-9 total score (0–27) | 8.48 (6.39) | 8.95 (6.49) | 7.06 (5.88) | .008 |
| Perceived stress score (4 items, composite score 0–16) | 8.49 (2.71) | 8.48 (2.83) | 8.50 (2.32) | 0.946 |
| Self-perceived excessive drinking | ||||
| Yes | 95 (45.5%) | 142 (44.0%) | 53 (50.0%) | 0.279 |
| Use of drugs other than marijuana, cocaine, or heroin in past 30 days | ||||
| 0 uses | 413 (96.5%) | 314 (97.5%) | 99 (93.4%) | 0.046 |
| ≥1 use | 15 (3.5%) | 8 (2.5%) | 7 (6.6%) | |
| Lifetime detox admissions | 2.03 (6.21) | 1.58 (4.32) | 3.43 (9.88) | 0.065 |
Note. Summary statistics are given as mean (SD) for continuous variables and number (percent) for categorical variables. Significant associations are in bold.