Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Suppression of TNF-α–induced proinflammatory cytokine production by nicotinate (NA) and β-HB at protein level. ARPE-19 cells were exposed to TNF-α (10 ng/mL; 24-hour incubation) in the presence or absence of NA (1 mM) or β-HB (5 mM). Cell culture medium was then collected and used for ELISA analysis of (A) IL-6 and (B) Ccl2 protein. *P < 0.01 compared with control cells; **P < 0.01 compared with TNF-α–treated cells.
